Cervical parakeratosis/hyperkeratosis as an important cause for false negative results of Pap smear and human papillomavirus test.

Unlabelled: Like any screening method, Pap and HPV tests are subject to false negative results.

Aim: We investigated the possible relationship between cervical parakeratosis/hyperkeratosis and a false negative result for both Pap and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing.

Methods: A total of 551 cases with diagnostically adequate cervical biopsies and Pap tests performed concurrently were examined.

Immunohistochemical detection of XIAP in melanoma.

Background: The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is the most potent of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of eight proteins. High levels of XIAP have been found in melanoma cell lines and are believed to play a role in therapeutic resistance in a number of malignancies. XIAP expression has not been investigated in clinically obtained melanoma tissue samples, nor have studies attempted to correlate XIAP expression with prognostic variables or clinical aggressiveness of melanomas.