Differences of adrenal-derived androgens in 5α-reductase deficiency versus androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Steroid 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD2) and androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) are difficult to distinguish clinically and biochemically, and adrenal-derived androgens have not been investigated in these conditions using modern methods. The objective of the study was to compare Chinese patients with 5α-RD2, AIS, and healthy men. Sixteen patients with 5α-RD2, 10 patients with AIS, and 39 healthy men were included.

Production of 11-Oxygenated Androgens by Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors.

Context: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) are a common complication in males with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). TART are likely to contribute to the androgen excess in 21OHD patients, but a direct quantification of steroidogenesis from these tumors has not been yet done.

Objective: We aimed to define the production of 11-oxygenated 19-carbon (11oxC19) steroids by TART.

Osteoblasts Generate Testosterone From DHEA and Activate Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Bone metastasis is a complication of prostate cancer in up to 90% of men afflicted with advanced disease. Therapies that reduce androgen exposure remain at the forefront of treatment. However, most prostate cancers transition to a state whereby reducing testicular androgen action becomes ineffective.

The Unique Role of 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroids in Both Premature Adrenarche and Premature Pubarche.

Introduction: Recent studies have shown 11-oxygenated androgens (11oAs) are the dominant androgens in premature adrenarche (PA). Our objective was to compare 11oAs and conventional androgens in a well-defined cohort of children with PA or premature pubarche (PP) and correlate these androgens with metabolic markers.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a university hospital.

Sex Differences in 11-Oxygenated Androgen Patterns Across Adulthood.

Context: The gonads are the major source of sex steroids during reproductive ages. The gonadal function declines abruptly in women and gradually in men. The adrenals produce 11-oxygenated androgens (11-oxyandrogens), which start rising during adrenarche.

Abiraterone acetate treatment lowers 11-oxygenated androgens.

Context: The human adrenal is the dominant source of androgens in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). Abiraterone, derived from the prodrug abiraterone acetate (AA), inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), the enzyme required for all androgen biosynthesis. AA treatment effectively lowers testosterone and androstenedione in 21OHD and CRPC patients.

Comprehensive Analysis of Steroid Biomarkers for Guiding Primary Aldosteronism Subtyping.

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is required to distinguish unilateral from bilateral aldosterone sources in primary aldosteronism (PA), and cortisol is used for AVS data interpretation, but cortisol has several pitfalls. In this study, we present the utility of several other steroids in PA subtyping, both during AVS, as well as in peripheral serum. We included patients with PA who underwent AVS at University of Michigan between 2012 and 2018.

The Needs and Opportunities for Medication Disposal Programs.

The continued increase in the usage of medications has led to a variety of negative consequences, including adverse effects on our environment and an increase in misuse/abuse of these products. Improper disposal of unused medications results in significant effects to wildlife and the potential to adversely affect human cells. Increases in misuse/abuse have resulted in significant increases in emergency department visits for drug-related issues.