Galectin 3 expression in regional lymph nodes and lymph node metastases of oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Neck dissection is standard in surgical management of oral squamous cell carcinomas (oscc). However, the immunologic link between primary tumor and lymph nodes is insufficiently understood. Galectin 3 (Gal3) promotes M2 polarization of macrophages and contributes to immunosuppression.

Galectin 3 expression in primary oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Immunologic factors can promote the progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (oscc). The phylogenetic highly conserved protein Galectin 3 (Gal3) contributes to cell differentiation and immune homeostasis. There is evidence that Gal3 is involved in the progression of oscc and influences the regulation of macrophage polarization.

Macrophage polarization differs between apical granulomas, radicular cysts, and dentigerous cysts.

Objectives: Apical periodontitis can appear clinically as apical granulomas or radicular cysts. There is evidence that immunologic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of both pathologies. In contrast to radicular cysts, the dentigerous cysts have a developmental origin.

Macrophage and osteoclast polarization in bisphosphonate associated necrosis and osteoradionecrosis.

Purpose: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a complication of antiresorptive therapy with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (BP). With various suggestions as to pathogenesis, the etiology of BRONJ is not sufficiently understood. Osteoclasts and their precursors, that is, macrophages, are the main target cells of BP.

Prognostic significance of macrophage polarization in early stage oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Polarization of tumor infiltrating macrophages is associated with the prognosis of solid malignancies and correlates with the occurrence of lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinomas (oscc). Early stage (T1/T2, N0) oscc are characterized by a good prognosis and can be cured by surgery. The postoperative regime usually contains no adjuvant radio-/chemotherapy.

Increased malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinomas (oscc) is associated with macrophage polarization in regional lymph nodes - an immunohistochemical study.

Background: It is largely accepted that specific immunological parameters in solid malignancies are associated with patient's prognosis. Recently a correlation of macrophage polarization with histomorphological parameters could also be shown in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc). The observed tumor derived peripheral immune tolerance could be associated with the macrophage polarization in regional tumor draining lymph nodes.

Small oral squamous cell carcinomas with nodal lymphogenic metastasis show increased infiltration of M2 polarized macrophages--an immunohistochemical analysis.

Background: In solid malignancies the influence of immunological parameters - especially of macrophages - on invasiveness, metastatic potential and prognosis has been shown. There are no studies quantitatively analysing the macrophage polarization in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc). The aim of this study was to correlate macrophage polarization in the epithelial and stromal compartment of oscc with histopathologic parameters.

Osteo-radio-necrosis (ORN) and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ): the histopathological differences under the clinical similarities.

Objectives: Both osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) present clinically as regions of exposed necrotic bone. The study aimed to demonstrate the histopathological differences behind the observed clinical similarities.

Study Design: Ten ORN specimens and ten BRONJ specimens were used, as well as ten samples of normal mandibular bone as control.