Mitigating Contaminant-Driven Risks for the Safe Expansion of the Agricultural-Sanitation Circular Economy in an Urbanizing World.

The widespread adoption of an agricultural circular economy requires the recovery of resources such as water, organic matter, and nutrients from livestock manure and sanitation. While this approach offers many benefits, we argue this is not without potential risks to human and environmental health that largely stem from the presence of contaminants in the recycled resources (e.g.

Impact of Urology Trainee Debt Levels on Future Practice Choices and Expectations.

Introduction: Excessive trainee debt continues to be a problem. Little is known about how debt influences future practice decisions. We sought to examine the correlation between educational debt and anticipated practice choices and career expectations to better understand the impact of debt on urology trainees to inform urology workforce policy.

Maximum Covering Subtrees for Phylogenetic Networks.

Tree-based phylogenetic networks, which may be roughly defined as leaf-labeled networks built by adding arcs only between the original tree edges, have elegant properties for modeling evolutionary histories. We answer an open question of Francis, Semple, and Steel about the complexity of determining how far a phylogenetic network is from being tree-based, including non-binary phylogenetic networks. We show that finding a phylogenetic tree covering the maximum number of nodes in a phylogenetic network can be computed in polynomial time via an encoding into a minimum-cost flow problem.

Burnout in Urology: Findings from the 2016 AUA Annual Census.

Introduction: Physician burnout is linked to decreased job performance, increased medical errors, interpersonal conflicts and depression. Two recent multispecialty studies showed that urologists had the highest rate of burnout. However, these reports were limited by a low sample size of urologists (119).

Workforce Characteristics in Urology.

Introduction: In this study we holistically describe and characterize the current state of urology practice by evaluating compensation, workload and practice factors as they relate to our demographic makeup as a specialty.

Methods: We collaborated with the American Urological Association to query its domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, workforce and quality of life issues. The survey consisted of 26 questions and took approximately 13 minutes to complete.

Minimally invasive surgery in adult degenerative scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of decompression, anterior/lateral and posterior lumbar approaches.

Background: Minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis have been increasingly implemented. However, little data exists regarding the safety and complication profiles of minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) for adult degenerative scoliosis. This study aimed to greater understand different minimally invasive surgical approaches for adult degenerative scoliosis with respect to clinical outcomes, changes in radiographic measurements, and complication profiles via meta-analytical techniques.

Urinary tract infections in children with prenatal hydronephrosis: A risk assessment from the Society for Fetal Urology Hydronephrosis Registry.

Introduction: Risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children with prenatal hydronephrosis (PNH) are not clearly defined. Our study aim was to describe incidence and identify factors associated with UTI among a cohort of children diagnosed with PNH.

Material And Methods: Patients with confirmed PNH from four medical centers were prospectively enrolled in the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) hydronephrosis registry between 9/2008 and 10/2015.

The Near-future Impact of Retirement on the Urologic Workforce: Results From the American Urological Association Census.

Objective: To assess self-perceived planned retirement patterns among urologists by using the American Urological Association Census Data. With an expanding elderly population and an aging urologic workforce, concerns regarding increased demand and decreased supply of urologists have been raised.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from the 2014 American Urological Association Census, which is a specialty representative survey distributed to the urologists who practice in the United States.

Factors Related to Job Satisfaction in Urology.

Introduction: There is little information on job satisfaction in the extant literature in urology. The purpose of this study is to examine 1) the current state of job satisfaction among urologists in the United States, and 2) the demographic and work place factors that have the greatest influence on satisfaction.

Methods: We collaborated with AUA (American Urological Association) to query its domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, work force and quality of life issues.

Focusing on organ preservation and function: paradigm shifts in the treatment of pediatric genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma.

Objective: Pediatric genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) accounts for 25 % of all pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. The treatment of these tumors has shifted over time from debilitating radical exenteration to organ-sparing techniques using multimodal therapy. Our review aims to summarize recent relevant literature regarding the current treatment practices of pediatric genitourinary RMS and how these practices have shifted over time.

Gender Differences in Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Other Practice Patterns in Urology.

Purpose: The proportion of women in urology has increased from less than 0.5% in 1981 to 10% today. Furthermore, 33% of students matching in urology are now female.

Complexity in the diagnosis and management of 45,X Turner Syndrome mosaicism.

Diagnosis, decision making, and counseling for patients with disorders of sexual development pose challenges for physicians and families. Accurate antenatal evaluation combined with effective communication between the family and multidisciplinary team is important to provide the best patient outcome. We reviewed 2 cases from our institution that illustrate the complexity of antenatal and postnatal management in Turner Syndrome patients who have 45,X mosaicism.

Urethral mobilization for distal and mid shaft hypospadias with chordee.

Purpose: Many options are available for repairing mid shaft to distal hypospadias. Reported complications include poor cosmesis, persistent chordee, meatal stenosis and fistula. We hypothesized that advancing the intact native urethra would facilitate chordee correction and minimize complications.

Challenges facing academic urology training programs: an impending crisis.

Objective: To determine the most pressing issues facing academic urology training centers. The supply of urologists per capita in the United States continues to decrease. Stricter resident requirements, restriction of resident duty hours, and a Graduate Medical Education (GME) funding cap on resident education has led to significant challenges for academic centers.

Communicating benefits and risks of screening for prostate, colon, and breast cancer.

Screening for cancer has become a standard of practice in contemporary health care. Screening tests are often ordered routinely, without discussion of risks and benefits. For clinicians who want to inform patients and undertake shared decision-making, the goal of effective communication presents a number of challenges.

Biofeedback therapy for dysfunctional voiding in children.

The past decade has seen a dramatic shift in the management of lower urinary tract dysfunction, including dysfunctional voiding, in children. Once treated primarily with medication, dysfunctional voiding now is managed successfully in most cases with noninvasive evaluations and biofeedback-based pelvic floor muscle retraining. Introduced in 1979, biofeedback initially was expensive and labor intensive, requiring inpatient treatment.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction in childhood.

Lower urinary tract syndrome is common in children. Incontinence, urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, and constipation are commonly associated with this syndrome. Examining the clinical history of the afflicted patient plays a major role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary tract disorder.