The significance of mothers' neural responding to infant emotional cues for caregiving behaviors: The moderating role of infant temperamental distress.

We examined associations between mothers' ( = 137; 77.7% White/non-Hispanic) neural responding implicated in facial encoding (N170) and attention (P300) to infant emotional expressions and direct observations of their caregiving behaviors toward their 6-month-old infants. We also explored the moderating role of mother-reported and observer-rated infant temperamental distress.

Indirectly acquired fear memories have distinct, sex-specific molecular signatures from directly acquired fear memories.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder that affects women more than men. About 30% of patients suffering from PTSD develop the disorder by witnessing a traumatic event happen to someone else. However, as the focus has remained on those directly experiencing the traumatic event, whether indirectly acquired fear memories that underlie PTSD have the same molecular signature as those that are directly acquired remains unknown.

Daily or near-daily cannabis and alcohol use by adults in the United States: A comparison across age groups.

Background And Aims: Patterns of daily or near-daily (DND) use of alcohol and cannabis among adults in the United States have been changing. The current study measured how these shifts have occurred across developmental periods of adulthood.

Design, Setting, And Participants: U.

Optimal adaptive SMART designs with binary outcomes.

In a sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial (SMART), a sequence of treatments is given to a patient over multiple stages. In each stage, randomization may be done to allocate patients to different treatment groups. Even though SMART designs are getting popular among clinical researchers, the methodologies for adaptive randomization at different stages of a SMART are few and not sophisticated enough to handle the complexity of optimal allocation of treatments at every stage of a trial.

Vaping-specific nicotine dependence across days among a national sample of US young adults who vape.

Introduction: Vaping has increased among young adults (YAs), and nicotine dependence prevalence has increased among YAs who vape (YAV), in the U.S. Research on nicotine dependence symptoms (NDS) among YAV remains limited, and accurately measuring NDS and their severity remains a challenge.

Decreases in K63 Polyubiquitination in the Hippocampus Promote the Formation of Contextual Fear Memories in Both Males and Females.

Over 90% of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In this system, the ubiquitin protein can bind to a substrate on its own or it can form a chain with multiple ubiquitin molecules in a process called polyubiquitination. There are 8 different sites on ubiquitin at which polyubiquitin chains can be formed, the second most abundant of which, lysine-63 (K63), is independent of the degradation process, though this mark has rarely been studied in the brain or during learning-dependent synaptic plasticity.

A reproducible method for evaluating the degree and direction of overstuffing of the humeral head component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Improper sizing of the humeral head component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) can overstuff the joint, potentially compromising outcomes. The purpose of this study was to validate a novel method of evaluating glenohumeral joint overstuffing in which superoinferior and mediolateral overstuffing can be evaluated independently relative to the native humeral anatomy.

Methods: We identified 25 patients who underwent ATSA and the best Grashey radiograph taken within 1 year of follow-up was assessed using our proposed technique.

Environmental cleaning barriers and mitigation measures identified through two initiatives in four countries, 2018-2023: a commentary.

In recent years, there has been increased attention on the importance of healthcare environmental cleaning, including the need to professionalize and support the workforce responsible for performing cleaning. Global agendas and strategies on infection prevention and control (IPC) and water, sanitation and hygiene highlight the need for improvements to this sector, particularly in resource-limited healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries. Correspondingly, several resources have been developed that aim to (1) improve professional training of cleaners and (2) improve implementation of best practices in resource-limited settings.

ERO1A levels are a prognostic indicator in EGFR mutated non small cell lung cancer.

We have identified endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1A) as a poor prognostic indicator in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (EGFR-NSCLC). In addition, comparison of high versus low ERO1A expression among cohorts of EGFR-NSCLC primary samples revealed that ERO1A expression correlated with increased expression of proteins that regulate secretion. Using the CPTAC proteomic data set in lung adenocarcinoma we found that high ERO1A protein expression correlated with both extracellular matrix and matrix modifying enzymes.

Links between adolescent binge drinking and midlife alcohol use behaviors by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Background: Alcohol use is increasing among adults in midlife (i.e., ages 35-60), but few studies examine specific alcohol use behaviors in this age group.

Historical change in associations between perceived risk, disapproval, and use of cannabis among young adults ages 19-30, 2011-2022.

Background: The current study used U.S. young adult data to examine overall and age group-specific historical trends in (a) mean perceived risk and disapproval of cannabis use, and (b) risk/use and disapproval/use associations.

Enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits.

We present an enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits. Best-in-class vectors were curated for accessing major striatal neuron populations including medium spiny neurons (MSNs), direct and indirect pathway MSNs, as well as Sst-Chodl, Pvalb-Pthlh, and cholinergic interneurons. Specificity was evaluated by multiple modes of molecular validation, three different routes of virus delivery, and with diverse transgene cargos.

Celebrating the legacy and work of John Schulenberg: Answering the question "Does adolescence matter?".

Dr. John Schulenberg (1957-2023) was a brilliant and internationally recognized developmental scientist. In equal measure, he was an outstanding, dedicated, and generous mentor.

Rehabilitation protocols in proximal humerus fracture management: A systematic review.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are relatively common, although optimal rehabilitation is unknown. This review aims to characterize the published rehabilitation regimens utilized for PHFs.

Methods: A systematic review was performed per PRISMA guidelines, utilizing PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane.

Regulatory elements in (7q21.3) locus contribute to genetic control of coronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and bone density-related traits.

Purpose: The etiopathogenesis of coronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (cNCS), a congenital condition defined by premature fusion of 1 or both coronal sutures, remains largely unknown.

Methods: We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of cNCS followed by replication, fine mapping, and functional validation of the most significant region using zebrafish animal model.

Results: Genome-wide association study identified 6 independent genome-wide-significant risk alleles, 4 on chromosome 7q21.

Profiling Long Noncoding RNA in Psoriatic Skin Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.

The expressions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their roles in epidermal differentiation have been previously defined using bulk RNA sequencing. Despite their tissue-specific expression profiles, most lncRNAs are not well-annotated at the single-cell level. In this study, we evaluated the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to profile and characterize lncRNAs using data from 6 patients with psoriasis with paired uninvolved and lesional psoriatic skin.

Research priorities to strengthen environmental cleaning in healthcare facilities: the CLEAN Group Consensus.

Environmental cleaning is essential to patient and health worker safety, yet it is a substantially neglected area in terms of knowledge, practice, and capacity-building, especially in resource-limited settings. Public health advocacy, research and investment are urgently needed to develop and implement cost-effective interventions to improve environmental cleanliness and, thus, overall healthcare quality and safety. We outline here the CLEAN Group Consensus exercise yielding twelve urgent research questions, grouped into four thematic areas: standards, system strengthening, behaviour change, and innovation.

Toddler disorganized attachment in relation to cortical thickness and socioemotional problems in late childhood.

Disorganized attachment is a risk for mental health problems, with increasing work focused on understanding biological mechanisms. Examining late childhood brain morphology may be informative - this stage coincides with the onset of many mental health problems. Past late childhood research reveals promising candidates, including frontal lobe cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.

Systematic re-review of WASH trials to assess women's engagement in intervention delivery and research activities.

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions significantly reduce health risks in low- and middle-income countries. Many rely on women, but the extent of women's engagement remains undocumented. Here we conducted a re-review of papers from two systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of water, sanitation and/or handwashing with soap interventions on diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections to assess women's roles in WASH research and intervention activities.

Substrate Curvature Influences Cytoskeletal Rearrangement and Modulates Macrophage Phenotype.

Inflammation serves as a critical defense mechanism against pathogens and tissue damage but can lead to chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, when dysregulated. Macrophages play a pivotal role in orchestrating inflammatory responses, transitioning from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes to resolve inflammation and promote tissue repair. Current approaches to modulate macrophage phenotype predominantly rely on biochemical cues, which may induce systemic side effects.

Whole tomato lipidic extract improved sperm quality in obese rats induced by a high-carbohydrate diet.

Background: Obesity represents a risk in the development of metabolic and oxidative stress (OS), as well as in male infertility. There is still no pharmacological treatment for obesity-induced male infertility, but the use of natural antioxidants has been proposed as a treatment.

Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of a whole tomato lipid extract on rats that decreased their fertility and spermatogenesis after being induced obese with a high carbohydrate diet.

Mitochondrial complex I promotes kidney cancer metastasis.

Most kidney cancers are metabolically dysfunctional, but how this dysfunction affects cancer progression in humans is unknown. We infused C-labelled nutrients in over 80 patients with kidney cancer during surgical tumour resection. Labelling from [U-C]glucose varies across subtypes, indicating that the kidney environment alone cannot account for all tumour metabolic reprogramming.