High-risk neighbourhoods and behaviour outcomes in children born extremely preterm.

Aim: Study the association between neighbourhood risk and behaviour in extreme preterm (EPT) children. We hypothesised that EPT children living in high-risk neighbourhoods have increased risk of clinical range behaviour problems at age 30-36 months.

Methods: Retrospective analyses of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)scores for 739 EPTs born 2005-2016.

Strategies and Challenges of a Safe Fireplace Program in Rural Kenya: A Qualitative Study.

There is a lack of information on effective burn prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to examine a safe fireplace program, as a method of burn prevention, in a resource-limited setting. We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological study at a community health and development program for a rural population in Kenya.

Financial strain and depression in the U.S.: a scoping review.

While the association between assets and depression has been established, less is known about the link between financial strain and depression. Given rising financial strain and economic inequity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the role that financial strain plays in shaping population depression in the United States is particularly salient. We conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature on financial strain and depression published from inception through January 19, 2023, in Embase, Medline via PubMed, and PsycINFO, PsycArticles, SocINDEX, and EconLit via Ebsco.

Neighborhood disparities and the burden of lead poisoning.

Background: To assess the persistence of neighborhood-level lead poisoning disparities in Rhode Island.

Methods: Rhode Island Department of Health blood lead levels (BLL) collected from 2006-2019 were linked to census block group rates of poverty and housing built pre-1950. We computed multivariate logistic regression models of elevated BLLs (≥5 µg/dL and ≥10 µg/dL).

Third-Grade Educational Outcomes of the Children of Adolescent Women.

Objectives: To evaluate third-grade reading and math proficiency for children born to adolescent women compared with those born to non-adolescent women.

Methods: A statewide, retrospective cohort study was conducted in Rhode Island using third-grade year-end examination data from 2014 to 2017 as part of a statewide initiative to improve third grade reading levels. Children's third-grade reading and math proficiencies were compared between those born to nulliparous adolescent women (age 15-19 at the time of delivery), and nulliparous women 20 years or older at delivery.

From Descriptive to Predictive: Linking Early Childhood Developmental and Behavioral Screening Results With Educational Outcomes in Kindergarten.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of a pediatric screening tool by linking 2 independent databases: an educational database that includes data from standardized academic assessments administered during kindergarten and a pediatric database that includes screening results.

Methods: A database that includes results of the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC) completed during pediatric visits were linked to an educational database that includes STAR Early Literacy examinations in kindergarten. Linear multilevel regression modeling was used to examine if screening results on the developmental and behavioral sections of the most recently completed SWYC form predicted trends in the percentile rank on the STAR exam over the school year, adjusting for potential confounders.

Early childhood educational outcomes of children associated with vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

Background: Rates of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery have decreased and cesarean delivery rates have increased in the last 2 decades. Evidence on short-term neonatal outcomes is available, but data on long-term childhood outcomes following vaginal birth after cesarean delivery are insufficient. Long-term childhood outcome data are essential in decision-making regarding mode of delivery.

A systematic review of the qualitative literature on barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care among low-income women.

Objective: To examine the qualitative literature on low-income women's perspectives on the barriers to high-quality prenatal and postpartum care.

Data Sources And Study Setting: We performed searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SocIndex, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed studies published between 1990 and 2021.

Study Design: A systematic review of qualitative studies with participants who were currently pregnant or had delivered within the past 2 years and identified as low-income at delivery.

Assets, stressors, and symptoms of persistent depression over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been accompanied by an increase in depression in U.S. adults.

Wealth and depression: A scoping review.

Introduction: The inverse relation between income and depression is well established. Less is understood about the relation between wealth and depression. We therefore conducted a scoping review to answer the question: What is known from the existing literature about the relation between wealth and depression?

Methods: We searched for studies and articles in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, EconLit, and SocINDEX from inception through July 19, 2020.

High-Risk Neighborhoods and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Born Preterm.

Objective: To study the association between neighborhood risk and moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22-26 months corrected age in children born at <34 weeks of gestation. We hypothesized that infants born preterm living in high-risk neighborhoods would have a greater risk of NDI and cognitive, motor, and language delays.

Study Design: We studied a retrospective cohort of 1291 infants born preterm between 2005 and 2016, excluding infants with congenital anomalies.

Persistent depressive symptoms during COVID-19: a national, population-representative, longitudinal study of U.S. adults.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have been associated with an increase in poor population mental health. We assessed how depressive symptoms changed among U.S.

Evaluating Housing Characteristics Associated With Childhood Lead Exposure in Providence, Rhode Island.

Objective: This research aims to take an in-depth look into the child, housing, and neighborhood characteristics associated with Providence children's likelihood of having elevated blood lead levels (BLLs).

Design And Setting: The 2019 Providence, Rhode Island, Property Tax Assessor's database, containing each property owner's address, was geocoded and spatially joined with the 2017-2019 blood lead tests for children aged 0 to 6 years from the Rhode Island Department of Health.

Main Outcome Measures: The prevalence of elevated BLLs (≥5 μg/dL) overall, as well as by property type, number of properties owned, owner occupancy, assessed value, and neighborhood rates of old housing and poverty, was computed.

Association between maternal hypertensive disorders, fetal growth and childhood learning outcomes.

Objective: Both small for gestational age (SGA) birthweight and pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertension (HTN) are independently associated with poorer childhood learning outcomes, however the relative contribution of each remains unknown.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort was created in which 2014-2017 third grade Rhode Island Department of Education data were linked to Rhode Island Department of Health birth certificate data. The study population was composed of non-anomalous, singleton births between 22- and 42-weeks' gestation.

Neighborhood risk: Socioeconomic status and hospital admission for pediatric burn patients.

Background: Burn injury continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the US pediatric population. Many studies using inpatient samples have found a relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and burn injury. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between SES and the likelihood of admission for Emergency Department (ED) visits for pediatric burn injury.

Childhood Overweight/Obesity and the Physical Activity Environment in Rhode Island.

Objective: This study seeks to better understand the relationship between the physical activity environment and child overweight/obesity in Rhode Island.

Methods: Using geographic information systems (GIS), this study calculated distances from residences to physical activity resources to assess the relationship distance has with childhood overweight/obesity.

Results: Mean distances in high-risk towns ranged from 0.

Operative vaginal delivery and third grade educational outcomes.

Background: Operative vaginal delivery rates continue to drop nationally with many citing neonatal safety concerns as a primary driver of this decrease. Previous evidence on short-term neonatal outcomes does not support this concern.

Objective: This study aimed to better understand the impact of delivery mode on childhood educational outcomes.

Low assets and financial stressors associated with higher depression during COVID-19 in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Background: COVID-19 and related containment policies have caused or heightened financial stressors for many in the USA. We assessed the relation between assets, financial stressors and probable depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Between 31 March 2020 and 13 April 2020, we surveyed a probability-based, nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18 and older using the COVID-19 and Life stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being survey (n=1441).

A Spatial Analysis of the Food Environment and Overweight and Obesity Among Rhode Island Youth.

Background: This study examined how proximity to food sources differed at the block group and town level, stratified by socioeconomic risk, and how the average distance to a food source was associated with child overweight and obesity rates in Rhode Island.

Methods: Eight correlated variables from the 2014-2018 American Community Survey were used to measure high and low socioeconomic risk at the block group and town level. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between mean driving distance to food sources and prevalence of child overweight and obesity.

Savings, home ownership, and depression in low-income US adults.

Purpose: While the association between income and depression is well established, less explored is the relation between wealth and depression, particularly among low-income adults. We studied the relation between two types of assets-savings and home ownership-and probable depression to understand how access to different assets may shape depression among low-income US adults.

Methods: Study sample We conducted a serial cross-sectional, observational study with 12,019 adults with low-income in the United States using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2016.

Referral Patterns of Burn Injury in Rural Kenya.

Burn injury represents a substantial burden of disease in resource-limited settings. Kenya has no formal trauma system and referral practices for burn injuries are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with burn injury referrals in rural Kenya.

Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in US Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the policies to contain it have been a near ubiquitous exposure in the US with unknown effects on depression symptoms.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among US adults during vs before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationally representative survey study used 2 population-based surveys of US adults aged 18 or older.

Neighborhood Inequality and Emergency Department Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates.

Neonatal intensive care unit graduates residing in high-risk neighborhoods were at increased risk of emergency department use and had higher rates of social/environmental risk factors. Distances to primary care provider and emergency department did not contribute to emergency department use. Knowledge of neighborhood risk is important for preventative service reform.

Association of Term Labor Induction vs Expectant Management With Child Academic Outcomes.

Importance: Although labor induction at 39 weeks of gestation has been shown to reduce the number of cesarean deliveries, compared with expectant management, without increasing neonatal morbidity in nulliparous, low-risk women, the association between induction at 39 weeks and longer-term childhood cognitive outcomes is not certain.

Objective: To evaluate educational outcomes of children born by induction at 39 or 40 weeks compared with those whose mothers were expectantly managed beyond those weeks.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This statewide cohort study was conducted in Rhode Island.