Objective: The aim was to study the association between newborn anthropometrics and childhood cardiovascular risks and whether newborn anthropometrics mediate the effect of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) on childhood risks.
Methods: Data of 926 mother-child dyads from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes study were analyzed. Newborn anthropometrics were treated as predictors and mediators by using a regression model and causal mediation model, respectively.
Objective: To compare the performance of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) proposed by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) with those endorsed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Research Design And Methods: We performed a secondary data analysis of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO) study participants in five study centers. Logistic regression analyses were performed, and Akaike information criterion were applied for the comparison of different statistical prediction models.
Background: Maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) influences not only on pregnancy outcome but also impacts on mothers' and children's long-term health. However, there is no consensus on recommendations of optimal GWG in Asians or the Chinese population.
Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the birth outcome of Chinese women who had joined the "Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome" study in Hong Kong and their children's cardiometabolic risk at 7-year of age.
Aims: Using data from a large multi-centre cohort, we aimed to create a risk prediction model for large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants, using both logistic regression and naïve Bayes approaches, and compare the utility of these two approaches.
Methods: We have compared the two techniques underpinning machine learning: logistic regression (LR) and naïve Bayes (NB) in terms of their ability to predict large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants. Using data from five centres involved in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study, we developed LR and NB models and compared the predictive ability and stability between the models.
Test the hypothesis that women with obesity have greater gestation weight gain (GWG) with a moderately higher, vs lower, carbohydrate (CHO) diet, independent of energy intake, whereas GWG for women of normal weight would not differ by CHO group. This was a secondary analysis of data collected from glucose tolerant women with normal weight (NW) or obesity in pregnancy. Women completed a three-day food diary 16 to 20 weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Excessive childhood adiposity is a risk factor for adverse metabolic health. The objective was to investigate associations of newborn body composition and cord C-peptide with childhood anthropometrics and explore whether these newborn measures mediate associations of maternal midpregnancy glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity.
Research Design And Methods: Data on mother/offspring pairs ( = 4,832) from the epidemiological Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and HAPO Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS) were analyzed.
Maternal obesity, a state of chronic low-grade metabolic inflammation, is a growing health burden associated with offspring adiposity, abnormal fetal growth and prematurity, which are all linked to adverse offspring cardiometabolic health. Higher intake of anti-inflammatory omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in pregnancy has been associated with lower adiposity, higher birthweight and longer gestation. However, the effects of n-3 supplementation specifically in pregnant women with overweight and obesity (OWOB) have not been explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Inflammation is a common factor in adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Behavioral factors influence inflammatory markers and APOs but rarely have been investigated simultaneously in pregnancy. Our purpose was to determine how diet, physical activity, and obesity are associated with interleukin (IL)-6 in early and late pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims/hypothesis: We aimed to examine associations of newborn anthropometric measures with childhood glucose metabolism with the hypothesis that greater newborn birthweight, adiposity and cord C-peptide are associated with higher childhood glucose levels and lower insulin sensitivity.
Methods: Data from the international, multi-ethnic, population-based Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and the HAPO Follow-Up Study were used. The analytic cohort included 4155 children (mean age [SD], 11.
Aims/hypothesis: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is generally defined based on glycaemia during an OGTT, but aetiologically includes women with defects in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity or a combination of both. In this observational study, we aimed to determine if underlying pathophysiological defects evaluated as continuous variables predict the risk of important obstetric and neonatal outcomes better than the previously used dichotomised or categorical approaches.
Methods: Using data from blinded OGTTs at mean gestational week 28 from five Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study centres, we estimated insulin secretion (Stumvoll first phase) and sensitivity (Matsuda index) and their product (oral disposition index [DI]) in 6337 untreated women (1090 [17.
Background: Birth weight percentiles provide limited information on qualitative infant growth. Body composition provides estimates of fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage (adiposity). We sought to implement assessment of body composition at birth into clinical practice using a validated anthropometric equation and to evaluate measurement reliability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: We assessed how altered diagnostic processes and criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recommended by the United Kingdom (UK), Canada and Australia for use during the COVID-19 pandemic would affect both GDM frequency and related adverse outcomes.
Methods: Secondary analysis of 5974 HAPO study women with singleton pregnancies who underwent 75 g OGTTs and HbA1c assays between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation and who received no treatment for GDM.
Results: All post COVID-19 modified pathways reduced GDM frequency - UK (81%), Canada (82%) and Australia (25%).
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
July 2020
Context: An obesogenic perinatal environment contributes to adverse offspring metabolic health. Previous studies have been limited by lack of direct adiposity measurements and failure to account for potential confounders.
Objective: Examine the joint associations of maternal midpregnancy body mass index (BMI) and glycemia with direct adiposity measures in 10-14 year old offspring.
The placenta participates in maternal insulin sensitivity changes during pregnancy; however, mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated associations between maternal insulin sensitivity and placental DNA methylation markers across the genome. We analyzed data from 430 mother-offspring dyads in the Gen3G cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims/hypothesis: This study aimed to determine, in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), the changes in insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index; IS), insulin response and disposition index (DI) from late pregnancy (34-37 weeks gestation, T1), to early postpartum (1-5 days, T2) and late postpartum (6-12 weeks, T3). A secondary aim was to correlate the longitudinal changes in maternal lipids, adipokines, cytokines and weight in relation to the changes in IS, insulin response and DI.
Methods: IS, insulin response and DI were calculated at the three time points (T1, T2 and T3) using the results of a 75 g OGTT.
Importance: Nutrition during pregnancy is a critical dimension not only for women's health but also for the lifelong health of the offspring. Very limited national data exist on the usual dietary intakes of pregnant women.
Objective: To estimate total usual nutrient intakes (from foods and dietary supplements) and the population prevalence of meeting or exceeding the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Dietary Reference Intake recommendations among pregnant US women.
Aims/hypothesis: This study aimed to examine changes in the insulin secretory response in early pregnancy, while accounting for changes in insulin sensitivity.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a previously conducted longitudinal physiological study. In 34 women, insulin secretory response (by IVGTT) and insulin sensitivity (by euglycaemic clamp) were assessed prior to pregnancy, in early pregnancy (12-14 weeks gestation) and in late pregnancy (34-36 weeks gestation).
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
September 2019
We have previously described regulation of syncytial GLUT1 glucose transporters by IGF-I. Despite this, it is not clear what signal regulates transplacental glucose transport. In this report we asked whether changes in GLUT1 expression and glucose transport activity in diabetic pregnancies were associated with alterations in the fetal IGF axis.
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