Massive hymenoptera envenomation in a 3-year-old.

Background: Envenomation by a large number of hymenopterans can cause significant morbidity and mortality due to venom load. We present the first case of massive Hymenoptera envenomation by native US Hymenoptera.

Case: A 3-year-old boy and his family were hiking in Oregon and were attacked by yellow jackets.

Survival after diphenhydramine ingestion with hemodialysis in a toddler.

A 13-month-old male who ingested 20 diphenhydramine (25 mg) tablets presented with seizures and ultimately progressed to status epilepticus and wide-complex tachycardia. Due to worsening clinical course, hemodialysis was performed with temporal resolution of his symptoms. Hemodialysis may be considered in critically ill diphenhydramine overdoses not responsive to conventional supportive care.

Muscle spasm associated with therapeutic use of Cang Er Zi Wan.

Introduction: Cang Er Zi Wan (CEZW) is a herbal medication derived from Xanthium sibiricum that is used to treat allergies and upper respiratory problems. Its toxicity has been described in grazing animals, in experimental studies, and in human overdoses. We describe a case of muscular spasm that was associated with the therapeutic use of CEZW.

Bactrian ("double hump") acetaminophen pharmacokinetics: a case series and review of the literature.

After acute ingestion, acetaminophen (APAP) is generally absorbed within 4 h and the APAP concentration ([APAP]) slowly decreases with a predictable half-life. Alterations in these pharmacokinetic principles have been rarely reported. We report here three cases of an unusual double hump, or Bactrian, pattern of [APAP].

Delayed recrudescence to toxic salicylate concentrations after salsalate overdose.

Salicylates are common exposures. We report an unusual case of salicylate ingestion, as salsalate, with resolution of symptoms and return of salicylate levels to non-toxic values, with a subsequent, unexpected recrudescence to toxic levels requiring reinstitution of therapy. A 31-year-old man ingested unknown amounts of salsalate, hydroxyzine, and a benzodiazepine.

Iatrogenic lipid emulsion overdose in a case of amlodipine poisoning.

Introduction: Intralipid therapy has been used successfully as "rescue therapy" in several cases of overdose. We present a case of iatrogenic lipid emulsion overdose because of a dosing error.

Case Report: A 71-year-old female overdosed on 27 tablets of 5 mg amlodipine.

Methamphetamine body stuffers: an observational case series.

Study Objective: We describe the demographics, characteristics, treatment, and clinical course of methamphetamine body stuffers. We also determine the clinical characteristics of methamphetamine body stuffers who have severe outcomes.

Methods: A 6.

Amanita smithiana mushroom ingestion: a case of delayed renal failure and literature review.

Introduction: In the Pacific Northwest a new pattern of mushroom ingestion has emerged, attributed to Amanita smithiana, in which renal failure has been the predominant manifestation.

Case Report: A 55-year-old male ate 3 raw wild mushrooms in a salad and had onset of severe nausea and vomiting within 6 hours. His vital signs were unremarkable.

Shift in purine/pyrimidine base recognition upon exchanging extracellular domains in P2Y 1/6 chimeric receptors.

P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors stimulated by extracellular nucleotides. Both the P2Y(1) and the P2Y(6) receptors are preferentially activated by nucleoside 5'-diphosphates, but favor different base moieties. In the case of the P2Y(1) receptor the preferred base is adenine, while the P2Y(6) receptor is activated by uracil nucleotides.

Interactions of flavones and other phytochemicals with adenosine receptors.

Dietary flavonoids have varied effects on animal cells, such as inhibition of platelet binding and aggregation, inhibition of inflammation, and anticancer properties, but the mechanisms of these effects remain largely unexplained. Adenosine receptors are involved in the homeostasis of the immune, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems, and adenosine agonists/antagonists exert many similar effects. The affinity of flavonoids and other phytochemicals to adenosine receptors suggests that a wide range of natural substances in the diet may potentially block the effects of endogenous adenosine.