The management of mesially inclined/impacted mandibular permanent second molars.

Mesially impacted mandibular second molars are a common occurrence in orthodontic practices, especially those using the lingual arch or lip bumper for alleviating anterior crowding. Horizontally impacted second molars, on the other hand, occur so infrequently that most practitioners have limited experience in treating such a patient. Because of this there is little consensus on the management of these cases.

Outcomes of early versus late treatment of severe Class II high-angle patients.

Introduction: The aim of this work was to compare the skeletal and dental outcomes of 1- versus 2-phase treatment in Class II subjects with difficult-to-treat high-angle severe Class II malocclusions.

Methods: The sample of 120 cases was collected from the private offices of 3 experienced clinicians. The following selection criteria were used: (1) ANB ≥6°, (2) SN-GoGn ≥37° or mandibular plane to Frankfort horizontal plane ≥30°; and (3) overjet ≥6 mm.

Evolution of esthetic considerations in orthodontics.

The importance of facial esthetics to the practice of orthodontics has its origins at the beginning of our specialty. In 1900, Edward H. Angle believed that an esthetic or a "harmonious" face required a full complement of teeth, but many who came after him questioned this notion.

The effects of maxillary protraction therapy with or without rapid palatal expansion: a prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this controlled randomized clinical trial was to quantify the effects of maxillary protraction with or without palatal expansion.

Methods: Forty-six children aged 5 to 10 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) facemask with palatal expansion, (2) facemask without palatal expansion, and (3) observation for 12 months. Cephalometric analysis with traditional cephalometric measurements, an x-y coordinate system, and an occlusal-plane analysis were used.

Changes in the African American female profile as depicted in fashion magazines during the 20th century.

This study evaluated changes in the profiles of African American women presented in fashion magazines during the 20th century. Twenty-six variables were measured on a total of 119 profile photographs collected from various fashion magazines published in the 1940s through the 1990s. The photographs were divided into 6 groups corresponding to the decade in which they were published.