Non-Lethal Doses of RSL3 Impair Microvascular Endothelial Barrier through Degradation of Sphingosie-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 and Cytoskeletal Arrangement in A Ferroptosis-Independent Manner.

The excess microvascular endothelial permeability is a hallmark of acute inflammatory diseases. Maintenance of microvascular integrity is critical to preventing leakage of vascular components into the surrounding tissues. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an active lysophospholipid that enhances the endothelial cell (EC) barrier via activation of its receptor S1PR1.

Classic Phytochemical Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid, Activates Phospholipase D through Oxidant Signaling and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Leading to Cytotoxicity in Lung Vascular Endothelial Cells.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a dicatechol and phytochemical polyphenolic antioxidant and an established inhibitor of human arachidonic acid (AA) 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX, is widely used to ascertain the role of LOXs in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function. As the modulatory effect of NDGA on phospholipase D (PLD), an important lipid signaling enzyme in ECs, thus far has not been reported, here we have investigated the modulation of PLD activity and its regulation by NDGA in the bovine pulmonary artery ECs (BPAECs). NDGA induced the activation of PLD (phosphatidic acid formation) in cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion that was significantly attenuated by iron chelator and antioxidants.

Lipid Nutrition in Asthma.

Asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disease that has constantly increased in prevalence over the past several decades. Primary symptoms include airway constriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling with additional symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Allergic asthma involves chronic inflammation of the lungs, and the rise in its yearly diagnosis is potentially associated with the increased global consumption of foods similar to the western diet.

Verification procedure for isocentric alignment of proton beams.

We present a technique--based on the Lutz, Winston, and Maleki test used in stereotactic linear accelerator radiosurgery--for verifying whether proton beams are being delivered within the required spatial coincidence with the gantry mechanical isocenter. Our procedure uses a proton beam that is collimated by a circular aperture at its central axis and is then intercepted by a small steel sphere rigidly supported by the patient couch. A laser tracker measurement system and a correction algorithm for couch position assures precise positioning of the steel sphere at the mechanical isocenter of the gantry.