Adding smoking to the Fardal model of cost-effectiveness for the lifetime treatment of periodontal diseases.

Background: Little is known about the financial costs that smoking adds to the lifetime treatment of periodontal disease.

Methods: The total lifetime cost of periodontal treatment was modeled using data from private periodontal practice. The costs of initial and supportive therapy, re-treatment and tooth replacements (with bridgework or implants) were identified using average dental charges from the American Dental Association survey.

Periodontal and general health in long-term periodontal maintenance patients treated in a Norwegian private practice: a descriptive report from a compliant and partially compliant survivor population.

Background: There is weak evidence to support the benefit of periodontal maintenance therapy in preventing tooth loss. In addition, the effects of long-term periodontal treatment on general health are unclear.

Methods: Patients who were compliant and partially compliant (15 to 25 years' follow-up) in private practice were observed for oral and systemic health changes.

Stenotic aortic and mitral valves in three adult brothers with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.

Three brothers with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita survived into adulthood. In their fourth decade, the clinical course for each brother became complicated by severe stenoses of their aortic and mitral valves. One brother died suddenly, and the remaining 2 developed heart failure.

Identification of decomposed human remains from radiographic comparisons of an unusual foot deformity.

A case of positive identification from decomposed human remains using an unusual foot deformity is presented. Scrutiny of the decedent revealed foot deformities, which upon examination, prompted further inquiry. Radiographic comparisons and defleshing each foot established bilateral talipes equinovarus (TEV, clubfoot).