Modelling health and economic impact of nutrition interventions: a systematic review.

Diet related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as micronutrient deficiencies, are of widespread and growing importance to public health. Authorities are developing programs to improve nutrient intakes via foods. To estimate the potential health and economic impact of these programs there is a wide variety of models.

Perspective: Achieving Sustainable Healthy Diets Through Formulation and Processing of Foods.

Food processing and food (re)formulation can contribute to achieving sustainable healthy diets. Distinct from product formulation, the main purpose of food processing is to provide a stable and resilient supply of safe, shelf-stable, and affordable foods. Although efforts at reformulating processed foods have focused on removing excess added fat, sugar, and salt, product formulation can also take the form of voluntary fortification with protein, fiber, and micronutrients to improve dietary nutrient density and address population health needs.

Impact of Fortified Infant Cereals on the Burden of Iron Deficiency Anemia in 6- to 23-Month-Old Indonesian Infants and Young Children: A Health Economic Simulation Model.

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are highly prevalent among Indonesian infants and young children (IYC). Severe IDA hampers mental development in young children and is linked to lower quality of life and lower productivity as adults. The consumption of fortified infant cereals (FIC) increases iron intake during the weaning period, thus reducing the social burden of IDA.

Economic evaluation of nutrition interventions: Does one size fit all?

Background: Nutrition interventions have specific features that might warrant modifications to the methods used for economic evaluations of healthcare interventions.

Aim: The aim of the article is to identify these features and when they challenge the use of cost-utility analysis (CUA).

Methods: A critical review of the literature is conducted and a 2 by 2 classification matrix for nutrition interventions is proposed based on 1) who the main party responsible for the implementation and funding of the intervention is; and 2) who the target recipient of the intervention is.

Market-Driven Food Fortification to Address Dietary Needs.

The global economic and health-related burden of micronutrient deficiency is very large. Reducing these deficiencies is one of the main objectives of the Global Nutrition Targets 2025 of the WHO. To address this form of malnutrition, the WHO/FAO has defined fortification as one of the possible public health interventions, and voluntary fortification is one of the possible fortification approaches.

A two-step procedure to generate utilities for the Infant health-related Quality of life Instrument (IQI).

Background: Because of a lack of preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments suitable for infants aged 0-12 months, we previously developed the Infant QoL Instrument (IQI). The present study aimed to generate an algorithm to estimate utilities for the IQI.

Methods: Via an online survey, respondents from the general population and primary caregivers from China-Hong Kong, the UK, and the USA were presented 10 discrete choice scenarios based on the IQI classification system.

Correction to: The impact of food reformulation on nutrient intakes and health, a systematic review of modelling studies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0263-6.].

Reducing the burden of iron deficiency anemia in Cote D'Ivoire through fortification.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in the Cote d'Ivoire and has severe health and economic consequences. In this paper, we apply a health economic model to quantify the burden of IDA, and the contribution of nationwide mandatory iron fortification of wheat flour and voluntary iron fortification of condiments to the reduction of this burden.

Methods: The analysis for the population from 6 months to 64 years builds on published reviews and publicly available datasets and is stratified by age-groups and socioeconomic strata using comparative risk assessment model.

Valuing Health Status in the First Year of Life: The Infant Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument.

Objectives: Efforts to evaluate HRQoL and calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for infants less than 12 months of age are hampered by the lack of preference-based HRQoL instruments for this group. To fill this gap, we developed the Infant Quality of life Instrument (IQI), which is administered through a mobile application. This article explains how weights were derived for the 4 levels of each health item.

Milk Powder Fortified with Potassium and Phytosterols to Decrease the Risk of Cardiovascular Events among the Adult Population in Malaysia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the consumption of a milk powder product fortified with potassium (+1050.28 mg/day) and phytosterols (+1200 mg/day) to lower systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively, and, therefore, the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among the 35-75-year-old population in Malaysia. A Markov model was created against a do-nothing option, from a governmental perspective, and with a time horizon of 40 years.

Short-term health and economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in Mexico: A modeling study.

Aim: To estimate the annual burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Mexico.

Methods: A model was built to conduct estimates from a healthcare system perspective, namely, the incremental costs of GDM pregnancy compared with non-GDM pregnancy from the first trimester until childbirth. The model used probabilities from the literature and surveys, and costs obtained from the Ministry of Health and national healthcare institutions.

The impact of food reformulation on nutrient intakes and health, a systematic review of modelling studies.

Background: Unhealthy diet is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. Reformulation of processed foods has the potential to improve population diet, but evidence of its impact is limited. The purpose of this review was to explore the impact of reformulation on nutrient intakes, health outcomes and quality of life; and to evaluate the quality of modelling studies on reformulation interventions.

Association between Anaemia in Children 6 to 23 Months Old and Child, Mother, Household and Feeding Indicators.

In Low and Lower-Middle-Income countries, the prevalence of anaemia in infancy remains high. In early childhood anaemia cause irreversible cognitive deficits and represents a higher risk of child mortality. The consequences of anaemia in infancy are a major barrier to overcome poverty traps.

A descriptive system for the Infant health-related Quality of life Instrument (IQI): Measuring health with a mobile app.

Background: The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for health outcomes research, disease modeling studies and comparisons of different healthcare interventions. Yet, only a few tools are available to assess HRQoL in 0-1-year-old infants. Furthermore, there is a need for an instrument able to assess HRQoL with a single, standardized, overall score in the first year of life.

Screening and management of gestational diabetes in Mexico: results from a survey of multilocation, multi-health care institution practitioners.

Purpose: To identify the most common practices implemented for the screening and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to estimate the GDM clinician-reported proportion as a proxy of the incidence in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred fifty-seven physicians in four major cities were asked about their practices regarding GDM screening, treatment, clinical exams, and health care staff involved in case of GDM diagnosis, as well as the percentage of women with GDM they care for. Data management and statistical analyses were done with Stata 13.

The short-term economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in Italy.

Background: The incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is rising in all developed countries. This study aimed at assessing the short-term economic burden of GDM from the Italian healthcare system perspective.

Methods: A model was built over the last pregnancy trimester (i.

Economic value of using partially hydrolysed infant formula for risk reduction of atopic dermatitis in high-risk, not exclusively breastfed infants in Singapore.

Introduction: Previous trials have demonstrated reductions in atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence when healthy, high-risk, non-exclusively breastfed infants were fed until four months of age with 100% whey-based partially hydrolysed formula (PHF-W) versus standard cow's milk formula (CMF). We assessed the cost-effectiveness of this intervention in Singapore.

Methods: Modelling techniques were used to simulate, from birth to Month 30, the incidence and clinical/economic burden of AD in high-risk, non-exclusively breastfed infants fed with PHF-W or CMF for up to four months.

The short-term health and economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in China: a modelling study.

Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a higher risk for adverse health outcomes during pregnancy and delivery for both mothers and babies. This study aims to assess the short-term health and economic burden of GDM in China in 2015.

Design: Using TreeAge Pro, an analytical decision model was built to estimate the incremental costs and quality-of-life loss due to GDM, in comparison with pregnancy without GDM from the 28th gestational week until and including childbirth.

Cost-effectiveness of milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular events among the adult population in China: a Markov model.

Objective: To model the long-term cost-effectiveness of consuming milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) and prevent cardiovascular events.

Design: A best case scenario analysis using a Markov model was conducted.

Participants: 8.

Healthcare interventions for the prevention and control of gestational diabetes mellitus in China: a scoping review.

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes which occurs during pregnancy. Women with GDM are at greater risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery, while babies born from mothers with GDM are at greater risk of post-natal complications. Using the most updated diagnosis criteria, the GDM prevalence is estimated at 9.

Postnatal High Protein Intake Can Contribute to Accelerated Weight Gain of Infants and Increased Obesity Risk.

Worldwide, 38% of women are now overweight (BMI 25-30) or obese (BMI ≥30). There is increasing evidence that maternal obesity can result in unfavorable (epigenetic) pre- and postnatal programming of important genes of the offspring. Infants of overweight mothers show faster weight gain during infancy, which is associated with higher risk of obesity during childhood and adult life.

The Economic Impact of Lower Protein Infant Formula for the Children of Overweight and Obese Mothers.

The global prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly, highlighting the importance of understanding risk factors related to the condition. Childhood obesity, which has itself become increasingly prevalent, is an important predictor of adulthood obesity. Studies suggest that the protein content consumed in infanthood is an important predictor of weight gain in childhood, which may contribute to higher body mass index (BMI).

Food fortification for addressing iron deficiency in Filipino children: benefits and cost-effectiveness.

Iron deficiency is one of the most widespread nutritional disorders in both developing and industrialized countries, making it a global public health concern. Anemia, mainly due to iron deficiency, affects one third of the world's population and is concentrated in women and children below 5 years of age. Iron deficiency anemia has a profound impact on human health and productivity, and the effects of iron deficiency are especially pronounced in the first 1,000 days of life.

Economic value of atopic dermatitis prevention via infant formula use in high-risk Malaysian infants.

Background: Breastfeeding is best for infants and the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months of life. For those who are unable to be breastfed, previous studies demonstrate that feeding high-risk infants with hydrolyzed formulas instead of cow's milk formula (CMF) may decrease the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: To estimate the economic impact of feeding high-risk, not exclusively breastfed, urban Malaysian infants with partiallyhydrolyzed whey-based formula (PHF-W) instead of CMF for the first 17 weeks of life as an AD risk reduction strategy.

Cost-effectiveness of partially hydrolyzed whey protein formula in the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis in high-risk urban infants in Southeast Asia.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions among infants. Proteins found in cow's milk formula (CMF) have been found to be attributable to heightened AD risk, particularly in infants with familial AD heredity. Previous studies have suggested that intervention with partially hydrolyzed formula in nonexclusively breastfed infants can have a protective effect against AD development.