Phase I-metabolism studies of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1 and PX-2 using three different in vitro models.

Purpose: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), highly metabolized substances, are rarely found unmodified in urine samples. Urine screening relies on SC metabolite detection, requiring metabolism knowledge. Metabolism data can be acquired via in vitro assays, e.

Evidence for the transfer of methadone and EDDP by sweat to children's hair.

In cases where there is a question as to whether children have come into contact with drugs, examinations of their scalp hair are frequently carried out. Positive test results are often discussed in the forensic community due to the various possible modes via which drugs and their metabolites can be incorporated into the hair. These include drug uptake by the child (e.

In vitro metabolic profiling of synthetic cannabinoids by pooled human liver microsomes, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and Cunninghamella elegans and their detection in urine samples.

As synthetic cannabinoids are extensively metabolized, there is an urgent need for data on which metabolites can be used for successful urine screening. This study examines the in vitro metabolism of EG-018 and its 5F-analogue EG-2201 by means of comparing three different in vitro models: pooled human liver microsomes, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and a fungal approach utilizing the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans LENDNER, which is known for its ability to mimic human biotransformation of xenobiotics. In addition, this study includes the screening of two authentic urine samples from individuals with proven EG-018 consumption, for the evaluation of in vitro-in vivo extrapolations made in the study.