Outcomes of Concomitant Glenohumeral Stabilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Military Patients Younger Than 40 Years.

Background: While concomitant rotator cuff and inferior labral tears are relatively uncommon in young civilians, military populations represent a unique opportunity to study this injury pattern.

Purpose: To (1) evaluate the long-term outcomes after combined arthroscopic rotator cuff and inferior labral repair in military patients <40 years and (2) compare functional outcomes with those after isolated arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to United States emergency departments: An updated ten-year study.

Background: Glenohumeral dislocation is a common injury that may predispose patients to chronic pain and instability. However, there is a paucity of current data available regarding the epidemiological trends of this injury.

Aim: To provide an updated, comparative assessment of the epidemiology of shoulder dislocations presenting to emergency departments in the United States.

Validation of a deep learning, value-based care model to predict mortality and comorbidities from chest radiographs in COVID-19.

We validate a deep learning model predicting comorbidities from frontal chest radiographs (CXRs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare the model's performance with hierarchical condition category (HCC) and mortality outcomes in COVID-19. The model was trained and tested on 14,121 ambulatory frontal CXRs from 2010 to 2019 at a single institution, modeling select comorbidities using the value-based Medicare Advantage HCC Risk Adjustment Model. Sex, age, HCC codes, and risk adjustment factor (RAF) score were used.

Primary Arthroscopic Labral Management: Labral Repair and Complete Labral Reconstruction Both Offer Durable, Promising Results at Minimum 5-Year Follow-up.

Background: Increased understanding of the acetabular labrum's role in hip joint biomechanics has led to a greater focus on the conservation and restoration of normal labral anatomic characteristics; however, labral repair is often not possible in the setting of severe intrasubstance damage or deficiency.

Purpose: To compare 5-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes between hips treated with primary complete arthroscopic labral reconstruction and those treated with primary labral repair.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Deep Learning-Based Digitally Reconstructed Tomography of the Chest in the Evaluation of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: A Feasibility Study.

Rationale And Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) is preferred for evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) but access or availability may be lacking, in addition, overlapping anatomy can hinder detection of SPNs on chest radiographs. We developed and evaluated the clinical feasibility of a deep learning algorithm to generate digitally reconstructed tomography (DRT) images of the chest from digitally reconstructed frontal and lateral radiographs (DRRs) and use them to detect SPNs.

Methods: This single-institution retrospective study included 637 patients with noncontrast helical CT of the chest (mean age 68 years, median age 69 years, standard deviation 11.

Treatment trends in distal humerus fractures between ABOS part II candidates.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how fellowship training influences the treatment of distal humerus fractures with either total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Methods: The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Examination Database was queried for all orthopaedic surgeons who sat for the Part II examination between the years 2003-2019. Inclusion criteria were ORIF or TEA cases, selected by individual CPT codes for each procedure, and patients of at least age 65 years who sustained acute distal humerus fractures.

Analysis of the Quality of Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials for Treatment of Boxer's Fractures.

Background: This study aimed to review level I and II therapeutic studies on boxer's fractures to measure variation in quality among the highest level study designs.

Methods: We used quantitative measures of study quality to evaluate prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments of boxer's fractures. A search of PubMed, using terms "boxer's fracture" and "fifth metacarpal neck fracture" identified 164 articles from 1961 to 2019.

Predicting Prolonged Hospitalization and Supplemental Oxygenation in Patients with COVID-19 Infection from Ambulatory Chest Radiographs using Deep Learning.

Rationale And Objectives: The clinical prognosis of outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains difficult to predict, with outcomes including asymptomatic, hospitalization, intubation, and death. Here we determined the prognostic value of an outpatient chest radiograph, together with an ensemble of deep learning algorithms predicting comorbidities and airspace disease to identify patients at a higher risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 infection.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included outpatients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing who received an ambulatory chest radiography between March 17, 2020 and October 24, 2020.

Bacterial efflux inhibitors are widely distributed in land plants.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Secondary metabolites play a critical role in plant defense against disease and are of great importance to ethnomedicine. Bacterial efflux pumps are active transport proteins that bacterial cells use to protect themselves against multiple toxic compounds, including many antimicrobials. Efflux pump inhibitors from plants can block these efflux pumps, increasing the potency of antimicrobial compounds.

Response to underwater laser pointer in the Orange-finned Anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus and three-spot damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus.

Response of orange-finned anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus and three-spot damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus to red laser-pointer light was studied in Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Four magnificent anemones Heteractis magnifica and their resident fish were observed for typical behaviours (biting, chasing, hiding, posing, lunging and retreating) with and without exposure to laser-pointer light. Lunging behaviour increased significantly for both fish species upon exposure to laser-pointer light; none of the other behaviours changed significantly.

Spastic Paralysis of the Elbow and Forearm.

As the physiologic recovery period concludes, the patient is evaluated for surgical procedures that may rebalance muscle function and correct deformity. Upper extremity function is the product of complex and highly sophisticated mechanisms working in unison, and a careful, systematic preoperative evaluation is critical. A good function of the hand cannot be achieved without adequate position of the shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist.

A mass spectrometry-based assay for improved quantitative measurements of efflux pump inhibition.

Bacterial efflux pumps are active transport proteins responsible for resistance to selected biocides and antibiotics. It has been shown that production of efflux pumps is up-regulated in a number of highly pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the identification of new bacterial efflux pump inhibitors is a topic of great interest.

Contemporary techniques for the correction of temporal hollowing: augmentation temporoplasty with the classic dermal fat graft.

Introduction: Temporal hollowing is a depression within the soft tissues overlying the temporal fossa, sometimes seen after surgical dissection for access to the facial skeleton. Surgeons have successfully used bone grafts, hydroxyapatite, methyl methacrylate, and autogenous tissue to correct the deformity. A systematic review of the literature demonstrated that the most popular technique for the correction of temporal hollowing seems to be the use of nonbiologic materials.

A paradigm shift in correcting medial orbital fracture-related enophthalmos: volumetric augmentation through a lateral approach.

Background: Posttraumatic enophthalmos resulting from medial orbital wall fractures presents a complex challenge. Access to this area through traditional incisions is limited, making visualization of the fracture site difficult. This can be ameliorated by the transcaruncular approach, but with the potential for complications both with access and with reconstructive materials.

Optimizing pediatric interdental fixation by use of a paramedian palatal fixation site.

Condylar fractures are the most common injury seen in pediatric mandibular trauma. These injuries often cannot be adequately stabilized by conservative techniques such as splinting. The pediatric condyle fracture often requires a period of intermaxillary fixation.

A comparative, long-term assessment of four soft tissue substitutes.

Background: The ideal product for soft tissue replacement is durable, nonimmunogenic, and noninfectious. AlloDerm (LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, New Jersey), Enduragen (Stryker Corp.

Is primary thinning of the anterolateral thigh flap recommended?

Background: Although primary thinning of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been successful in Asia, clinical and anatomic studies have demonstrated that this may be inadvisable in Western patients. Recent reports have demonstrated successful thinning of the ALT using smaller flaps. A systematic review was attempted, to assess whether ALT size affects the incidence of vascular compromise after primary thinning.

Keloids: pathogenesis, clinical features, and management.

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex response to skin injury. Deregulation of this process can lead to excessive scar formation, as seen in keloids. Keloids are common skin lesions that are difficult to treat and are associated with high recurrence rates despite the large number of available treatment options.

Laser therapy in ethnic populations.

Today, laser therapy is standard treatment for a wide variety of dermatologic complaints. From skin rejuvenation to the management of complex vascular malformations, laser treatment has proved to be an effective, innovative solution to once-challenging dilemmas. However, laser application in those with darker complexions remains a topic of great concern.

Skin care in ethnic populations.

Use of over-the-counter cosmetics, approaches to hygiene, and many basic dermatologic principles differ between individuals with Caucasian skin and ethnic skin. Still, comparatively few publications highlight these variations or discuss appropriate management. Among many ethnic patients, issues related to skin hydration, restoration of even pigmentation, hair removal, and acne care remain problematic yet not fully addressed.

Accelerating drug development and approval.

Regulatory agencies are the gateway between the pharma/biotech industry and patients and can serve as stimulators of new drug development. This article highlights several means of doing so implemented thus far, many with already impressive histories, such as orphan drug legislation, and others of a more experimental nature, such as the FDA's priority review voucher program. These initiatives represent different approaches to finding treatments for rare and widespread but neglected diseases, as well as speeding the development process for pharmaceutical and biological agents more generally.