A systematic review of the literature on cystic echinococcosis frequency worldwide and its associated clinical manifestations.

A systematic literature review of cystic echinoccocosis (CE) frequency and symptoms was conducted. Studies without denominators, original data, or using one serological test were excluded. Random-effect log-binomial models were run for CE frequency and proportion of reported symptoms where appropriate.

Clinical manifestations associated with neurocysticercosis: a systematic review.

Background: The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NCC) are poorly understood. This systematic review aims to estimate the frequencies of different manifestations, complications and disabilities associated with NCC.

Methods: A systematic search of the literature published from January 1, 1990, to June 1, 2008, in 24 different electronic databases and 8 languages was conducted.

A systematic review of the frequency of neurocyticercosis with a focus on people with epilepsy.

Background: The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies reporting the frequency of neurocysticercosis (NCC) worldwide.

Methods/principal Findings: PubMed, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CAB) abstracts and 23 international databases were systematically searched for articles published from January 1, 1990 to June 1, 2008. Articles were evaluated for inclusion by at least two researchers focusing on study design and methods.

Breastfeeding with maternal antiretroviral therapy or formula feeding to prevent HIV postnatal mother-to-child transmission in Rwanda.

Objective: To assess the 9-month HIV-free survival of children with two strategies to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission.

Design: Nonrandomized interventional cohort study.

Setting: Four public health centres in Rwanda.

Validation of 2006 WHO prediction scores for true HIV infection in children less than 18 months with a positive serological HIV test.

Introduction: All infants born to HIV-positive mothers have maternal HIV antibodies, sometimes persistent for 18 months. When Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is not available, August 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations suggest that clinical criteria may be used for starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV seropositive children <18 months. Predictors are at least two out of sepsis, severe pneumonia and thrush, or any stage 4 defining clinical finding according to the WHO staging system.

Efavirenz in human breast milk, mothers', and newborns' plasma.

Background And Methods: Highly active antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz (EFV) has been prescribed to HIV-positive pregnant women in Rwanda (HIV status 1 and CD4 cell count > 350 cells/mm) during the last trimester of pregnancy and for 6 months after delivery. The EFV concentrations in maternal plasma, breast milk and in newborns' plasma of 13 women and their children between 6 weeks and 6 months post partum are reported.

Results: Results show a mean EFV plasma concentration of 6.