The proliferation of political mis/disinformation on social media has led many scholars to embrace "inoculation" techniques, where individuals are trained to identify the signs of low-veracity information prior to exposure. Coordinated information operations frequently spread mis/disinformation through inauthentic or "troll" accounts that appear to be trustworthy members to the targeted polity, as in Russia's attempts to influence the 2016 US presidential election. We experimentally tested the efficacy of inoculation against inauthentic online actors, using the , a free, online educational tool that teaches how to spot markers of inauthenticity.
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