Publications by authors named "Patrick C McCulloch"
Surgical treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability: a historical review.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg
December 2024
Background: Glenohumeral instability is a common pathology, particularly in young, active patients.
Methods: A narrative review was performed to describe the history of surgical treatments for anterior shoulder instability.
Results: Open surgical techniques were first described by Bankart in 1923.
Article Synopsis
- Research is crucial for residency and fellowship programs, and an annual research project can enhance productivity, as explored through a review of presentations from a symposium over five years.
- Out of 98 presentations analyzed, the overall publication rate was 54%, with residents having a higher first-author publication percentage (70%) compared to fellows (54%).
- Feedback from current residents indicated a strong perceived value of the annual research symposium, supporting its importance in fostering academic development.
Article Synopsis
- Decreased mechanical loading after orthopedic surgery can lead to muscle atrophy, prompting a review of the impact of oral protein supplementation on recovery outcomes.
- A systematic review of 14 studies, involving 611 patients, found that protein supplementation significantly reduced muscle atrophy and enhanced functional recovery across various surgeries, including ACL reconstruction and hip surgeries.
- The findings suggest protein supplementation is beneficial post-surgery, but further research is needed to understand long-term effects and develop targeted regimens for different patient populations.
Article Synopsis
- Fractures are expensive to treat and can lead to serious health issues, so finding ways to identify at-risk individuals is crucial.
- Researchers created an easy-to-use, low-cost prediction tool for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) using physical characteristics and demographic data from 492 participants.
- The study developed a two-step model that effectively predicts total body BMD and bone mineral content (BMC), indicating potential for identifying those at risk for fractures without needing specialized equipment like DEXA.
Purpose: To perform a systematic review to compare clinical outcomes, complications, and reoperation rates of patients undergoing the Latarjet procedure with screw vs suture-button fixation.
Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify clinical studies directly comparing screw vs suture-button fixation for the Latarjet procedure. The search terms used were shoulder screw suture button.
The 3 primary factors involved with preservation of the knee joint include joint alignment, meniscal status, and ligament stability (in particular that of the anterior cruciate ligament [ACL]). These factors are interdependent and result in knee joint homeostasis when all factors are stable. When a deficiency exists in one of the factors, it will affect the others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsteochondral allograft transplantation is a well-described technique for the treatment of large, engaging Hill-Sachs lesions. Traditionally, osteochondral allografts are size-matched to the defect, which can be expensive and time-consuming, and the majority of described techniques require an open approach. This Technical Note describes an all-arthroscopic approach to Hill-Sachs osteochondral allograft transplantation using premade osteochondral allograft plugs, eliminating the need for size-matching and graft harvest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the use of a validated wearable device to track sleep patterns of patients before and after undergoing rotator cuff repair (RCR) or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and compare these findings to patient-reported outcomes (PROs).
- Patients were monitored for sleep metrics from 34 days before surgery to 6 weeks after, with compliance dropping significantly in both RCR and TSA groups during the postoperative period.
- Results indicated that RCR patients experienced a notable decrease in deep sleep at various postoperative intervals, while TSA patients had decreased deep sleep early on but increased REM sleep in the following weeks.
The Principles of Knee Joint Preservation: Operative Treatment Strategies.
J Bone Joint Surg Am
October 2023
➤ Joint alignment, meniscal status, and ligament stability are codependent factors involved in knee joint preservation, and any injury or imbalance can impact the knee articular cartilage status and can result in adverse clinical outcomes.➤ Cartilage preservation procedures in the knee will not result in optimal outcomes if there is joint malalignment, meniscal deficiency, or ligamentous instability.➤ Lower-extremity varus or valgus malalignment is a risk factor for the failure of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is a commonly injured elbow stabilizer during throwing. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a technique that may reveal structural changes in the UCL that are indicative of ligament health and injury risk. The purpose of this study was to assess preseason and inseason shear wave velocity (SWV) in the UCL of collegiate pitchers and to asses repeatability of this measurement technique in healthy volunteers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolated Osteotomy Versus Combined Osteotomy and Cartilage Repair for Osteoarthritis or Focal Chondral Defects of the Medial Compartment of the Knee Joint: A Systematic Review.
Orthop J Sports Med
May 2023
Background: The extent to which concomitant cartilage repair provides an improvement in clinical outcomes after osteotomy is unclear.
Purpose: To compare studies reporting clinical outcomes after isolated osteotomy with or without cartilage repair for osteoarthritis (OA) or focal chondral defects (FCDs) of the knee joint.
Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
Article Synopsis
- Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is gaining popularity, but the specific effects of different levels of limb occlusion on shoulder muscle activity are not fully understood.
- A study with 15 participants tested how varying occlusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% LOP) during low-intensity shoulder exercises affected muscle electrical activity, with findings suggesting that muscle engagement increased with occlusion but plateaued above 50%.
- Results indicated significant increases in muscle activity (EMGa) for rotator cuff exercises at higher occlusion percentages, with specific muscles like the anterior deltoid and trapezius showing heightened activity at lower occlusion levels (≥25% LOP) and diminishing
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to analyze whether performing an osteotomy alongside cartilage repair in the tibiofemoral joint leads to better clinical outcomes compared to cartilage repair alone.
- It involved a systematic review of 5 studies with a total of 2,267 patients, comparing outcomes such as reoperation rates, complications, and patient satisfaction.
- Results indicated that patients undergoing cartilage repair with osteotomy (group B) generally showed better outcomes in terms of patient-reported measures compared to those who had cartilage repair without osteotomy (group A).
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how combining blood flow restriction (BFR) and low-load resistance exercise (LIX) can enhance shoulder muscle development and strength in collegiate baseball pitchers.
- The research involves 28 pitchers split into two groups: one using BFR during training and the other performing standard training without BFR.
- Results showed that the BFR group had significantly greater increases in shoulder muscle mass and strength compared to the non-BFR group after an 8-week training period.
Purpose: To systematically review the literature to compare the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify Level I studies that compared the clinical efficacy of at least 2 of the following 3 injection therapies: PRP, BMAC, and HA for knee OA. The search phrase used was knee AND osteoarthritis AND randomized AND ("platelet rich plasma" OR "bone marrow aspirate" OR "hyaluronic acid").
Background: Some studies have suggested that running increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA), while others believe it serves a protective function.
Purpose: To perform an updated systematic review of the literature to determine the effects of running on the development of knee OA.
Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
Background: Multiple studies have compared outcomes among patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with autograft versus allograft, but these data are inconsistently reported and long-term outcomes depending on graft type are yet to be determined.
Purpose: To perform a systematic review of clinical outcomes after revision ACLR (rACLR) with autograft versus allograft.
Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
Purpose: To perform a systematic review of postoperative rehabilitation protocols for third-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) of the knee joint.
Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to locate randomized controlled trials that described a rehabilitation protocol following third-generation ACI of the knee joint. The search terms used were: "autologous" AND "chondrocyte" AND "randomized".
Purpose: To perform an updated systematic review comparing the clinical outcomes of autograft versus nonirradiated allograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify comparative studies directly comparing outcomes of primary ACLR with autograft versus nonirradiated allograft with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The search terms used were: "anterior cruciate ligament" AND autograft AND allograft AND (irradiation OR non-irradiated).
Article Synopsis
- A study found that female professional ballet dancers have significantly lower pelvic bone mineral density (BMD) compared to both soccer players and the general female population.
- The analysis involved assessing BMD in specific pelvic regions (like the ischium and sacrum) and revealed that ballet dancers are at a higher risk for injuries due to their lower BMD and lean mass.
- The results suggest that targeted strength training and nutritional improvements could help prevent injuries in these dancers.
Article Synopsis
- Muscle atrophy is common after knee injuries and ACL reconstruction, and blood flow restriction therapy (BFR) might help reduce muscle loss and improve recovery.
- The study aimed to compare the effects of BFR combined with low-load exercises against standard rehabilitation on lower extremity lean mass, bone mass, and overall function in patients post-ACLR.
- Results showed that only the control group experienced significant decreases in lower extremity lean mass and bone mass at specific checkpoints, suggesting that BFR may be beneficial in preserving muscle and bone health during recovery.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore how factors like sex, body composition, and skeletal dimensions affect mobility assessments (Y-balance test and functional movement screen) in professional soccer players.
- During pre-season evaluations, 40 athletes (24 males and 16 females) were measured for body composition and mobility, revealing significant correlations between mobility scores and various anthropometric factors.
- Results indicated that females generally performed better on lower body mobility measures, highlighting the influence of physical characteristics on athletic performance.
Purpose: To systematically review randomized controlled trials to compare clinical outcomes of microfracture (MFx) versus third-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of focal chondral defects (FCDs) of the knee joint.
Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to locate randomized controlled trials comparing minimum 2-year clinical outcomes of patients undergoing MFx versus third-generation ACI for FCDs of the knee joint. The search terms used were: "knee" AND "microfracture" AND "autologous chondrocyte" AND "randomized.