Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon.

Coronary no-reflow phenomenon is a lethal mechanism of ongoing myocardial injury following successful revascularization of an infarct-related coronary artery. Incidence of this phenomenon is high following percutaneous intervention and is associated with adverse in-hospital and long-term outcomes. Several mechanisms such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and distal microthromboembolism in genetically susceptible patients and those with preexisting endothelial dysfunction have been implicated.

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon.

Coronary no-reflow phenomenon is a lethal mechanism of ongoing myocardial injury, following successful revascularization of an infarct-related coronary artery. Incidence of this phenomenon is high following percutaneous intervention, and is associated with adverse in-hospital and long-term outcomes. Several mechanisms such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and distal microthromboembolism in genetically susceptible patients and those with preexisting endothelial dysfunction have been implicated.

Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease-Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a complex clinical syndrome that is characterized by evidence of acute myocardial infarction in the absence of significant epicardial coronary artery disease on angiography. The term "MINOCA" encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases with varying underlying mechanisms and each with its own pathophysiology. Overlooked plaque rupture or erosion and coronary vasospasm are the most common causes of MINOCA and can be diagnosed by routine intracoronary imaging and vasoreactivity testing, respectively.

"The Renal Foot" - Angiographic Pattern of Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia and End-Stage Renal Disease.

Background: Patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have greater risk of limb loss compared to those with CLTI alone. We investigated angiographic patterns in patients with CLTI and evaluated for differences based on ESRD status.

Methods: We reviewed lower extremity angiograms of 152 CLTI patients at a single academic medical center from 2011 to 2017 and analyzed them based on the Graziani and Bollinger classification systems.