The Role of Salvage Second Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant disorder of plasma cells affecting primarily elderly patients, is the second most commonly diagnosed hematologic neoplasm. With the recent influx of effective new agents available, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, targeted monoclonal antibodies, and now chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, the treatment landscape is evolving rapidly. Although the role of consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in first remission is well established, in the relapsed setting after upfront ASCT, the role of a second ASCT (SAT) following reinduction is less clear and understudied.