PrEP awareness, willingness, and likelihood to use future HIV prevention methods among undergraduate college students in an ending the HIV epidemic jurisdiction.

Objective: Identify factors associated with PrEP awareness, willingness, and future prevention modalities among undergraduate college students.

Participants: Undergraduates ( = 701) were recruited from a private university, a public research university, and a private historically Black college and university for an online survey.

Methods: Upon multiple imputations, a multivariate logistic model, a multivariate multinomial model, and independent multivariate ordinal logistic models were used to calculate Rubin's rules-pooled adjusted odds ratios for PrEP awareness, willingness, and future HIV prevention methods.

Lost in translation: College students' knowledge of HIV and PrEP in relation to their sexual health behaviors.

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a notable public health problem among young adults. The present study examined college students' knowledge of HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in relation to their sexual health behaviors.

Participants And Method: Participants included 1516 students who completed questionnaires on actual and perceived HIV knowledge, perceived PrEP knowledge, and sexual health behaviors.

Trends in Public and Global Health Education among Nationally Recognized Undergraduate Liberal Arts Colleges in the United States.

The prevalence of public health and global health (PH/GH) curricular offerings appear to be increasing in terms of undergraduate curricula and in the context of liberal arts education in the United States. Liberal arts colleges (LACs) represent stand-alone institutions, which exclusively focus on undergraduate education. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PH/GH study pathways and PH/GH course offerings among LACs.

Efficacy and safety of tipranavir coadministered with ritonavir in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents: 5 years of experience.

Background: To evaluate the long-term (up to week 292) safety, efficacy and tolerability of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients. Long-term follow up of patients enrolled in the randomized, open-label pediatric trial (1182.14/PACTG1051).

Hepatic profile analyses of tipranavir in Phase II and III clinical trials.

Background: The risk and course of serum transaminase elevations (TEs) and clinical hepatic serious adverse event (SAE) development in ritonavir-boosted tipranavir (TPV/r) 500/200 mg BID recipients, who also received additional combination antiretroviral treatment agents in clinical trials (TPV/r-based cART), was determined.

Methods: Aggregated transaminase and hepatic SAE data through 96 weeks of TPV/r-based cART from five Phase IIb/III trials were analyzed. Patients were categorized by the presence or absence of underlying liver disease (+LD or -LD).

Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine: once-daily versus twice-daily dosing in the 2NN study.

Objective: As part of the large international, randomized 2NN trial, the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in once-daily 400 mg and twice-daily 200 mg dosing regimens were investigated.

Method: Treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients were randomized to receive nevirapine 400 mg once daily or 200 mg twice daily, in combination with lamivudine and stavudine. Blood samples were collected at several time-points (day 3, weeks 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48).

Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations?

Objective: The relationships between adverse events (AEs) and plasma concentrations of nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) were investigated as part of the large, international, randomized 2NN study.

Methods: Treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients received NVP (once or twice daily), EFV or their combination, each in combination with lamivudine and stavudine. Blood samples were collected on day 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48.

Drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients frequently present with elevated levels of serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and/or aspartate aminotransferase [AST]). This has often been attributed to the hepatic effects of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, including nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A review of cohort studies investigating the incidence of hepatotoxicity among patients receiving ARV therapy suggests that the overall rate of ALT and/or AST elevations is similar among all ARVs.

A comprehensive hepatic safety analysis of nevirapine in different populations of HIV infected patients.

All classes of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy have been associated with asymptomatic elevations of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) levels, and much less frequently with serious, and at times life threatening, clinical liver hepatotoxicity. The relationship between the risk of developing serious clinical liver injury and the rate and severity of elevated asymptomatic ALT/AST levels is poorly understood. Boehringer Ingelheim has recently completed the Viramune Hepatic Safety Project; its primary objective was to identify risk factors for antiretroviral-associated hepatotoxicity.

Natural history of > or =60% asymptomatic carotid stenosis in patients with contralateral carotid occlusion.

Objective: Although the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) reported that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is beneficial for patients with asymptomatic > or =60% carotid stenosis (ACS), several other studies have reported mixed results. Our prospective study analyzed the natural history of > or =60% ACS in patients with contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO).

Patient Population And Methods: During a 10-year period, patients with 60-<70% ACS with CCO were entered into a protocol of clinical examination and duplex surveillance every 6 months.

Prospective randomized trial of carotid endarterectomy with polytetrafluoroethylene versus collagen-impregnated dacron (Hemashield) patching: late follow-up.

Objective: To compare the late clinical outcome and incidence of recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) versus Hemashield patching.

Summary Background Data: Several randomized trials have confirmed the advantages of patching over primary closure when performing CEA.

Methods: Two hundred CEAs (180 patients) were randomized into 100 with PTFE patching and 100 with Hemashield.

Randomized, controlled study of the effects of a short course of prednisone on the incidence of rash associated with nevirapine in patients infected with HIV-1.

Objective: To examine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with prednisone on the incidence of nevirapine-associated rash in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: This was a 24-week, prospective, randomized, open-label, international study. Patients were randomized to receive nevirapine plus open-label prednisone (40 mg once daily for 14 days) (n = 69) or nevirapine alone (n = 69).

Prospective randomized study of carotid endarterectomy with polytetrafluoroethylene versus collagen-impregnated Dacron (Hemashield) patching: perioperative (30-day) results.

Purpose: Several studies have reported that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with patch angioplasty has results that are superior to primary closure. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patching has been shown to have results comparable with autogenous vein patching; however, it requires a prolonged hemostasis time. Therefore, many surgeons are using collagen-impregnated Dacron patching (Hemashield [HP]).