Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and bladder cancer: evaluation from a gene-environment perspective in a hospital-based case-control study in the Canary Islands (Spain).

Background: Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been linked to bladder cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the role of PAHs in bladder cancer, PAHs serum levels were measured in patients and controls from a case-control study.

Methods: A total of 140 bladder cancer patients and 206 healthy controls were included in the study.

Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase μ and θ, MDR1 and VEGF genes as risk factors of bladder cancer: a case-control study.

Objective: The present study was aimed at examining the local distribution of GSTM1, GSTT1, MDR1, and VEGF gene polymorphisms as possible risk factors contributing to the development of bladder cancer among the population from Canary Islands, Spain.

Materials And Methods: The genotypes were determined by PCR-based methods in a hospital-based case-control study consisting of 119 cases and 110 controls. The socio-demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected, including the smoking habits of the population covered in the study.