Implementation of the Health Promoting School Approach in Europe: A Cross-Sectional Study Among National Representatives.

Background: Although principles of the health promoting school (HPS) approach are followed worldwide, differences between countries in the implementation are reported. The aim of the current study was (1) to examine the implementation of the HPS approach in European countries in terms of different implementation indicators, that is, percentage of schools implementing the HPS approach, implementation of core components, and positioning on so-called HPS-related spectra, (2) to explore patterns of consistency between the implementation indicators across countries, and (3) to examine perceived barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the HPS approach across countries.

Methods: This study analyzed data from a survey that was part of the Schools for Health in Europe network's Monitoring Task 2020.

Fidelity, adaptation and integration of whole-school health promotion within Dutch schools: a cross-sectional survey study.

Implementing comprehensive health promotion programs in the school setting can be challenging, as schools can be considered complex adaptive systems. As a first step towards understanding what works in improving implementation for which schools and under which conditions, this study aimed to examine the degree of implementation of health promoting school (HPS) programs, in terms of five dimensions of fidelity (adherence, dose, participant responsiveness, quality of delivery and program differentiation), and the dimensions of adaptation and integration. The HPS Implementation Questionnaire was distributed among ± 2400 primary, secondary, secondary vocational and special needs schools in the Netherlands.

Context matters-the phased development of an adaptable food literacy intervention: Up for Cooking.

Adapting interventions to the context increases the impact and sustainability of interventions. Literature acknowledges the need to adapt existing interventions and that these adaptations should be clearly reported. However, little is known about how to incorporate adaptation from the beginning.

Supporting schools during the implementation of the health-promoting school approach: The roles of a healthy school advisor.

Introduction: The health-promoting school (HPS) approach was developed by the World Health Organization to create health promotion changes in the whole school system. Implementing the approach can be challenging for schools because schools are dynamic organizations with each a unique context. Many countries worldwide have a health promotion system in place in which healthy school (HS) advisors support schools in the process of implementing the HPS approach.

Measuring Implementation of Health Promoting School (HPS) Programs: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the HPS Implementation Questionnaire.

Background: Implementation of Health Promoting School (HPS) programs can be challenging due to the dynamic school context. Navigating between program fidelity and adaptation, as well as integrating the program, is essential for successful implementation, and consequently, for program effects. As part of an evaluation study in the Netherlands, this study aimed to develop a measurement instrument that differentiates schools according to fidelity, adaptation, and integration of HPS implementation.

The Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on Children's Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Familiarity and Intake.

Mere exposure is an often-described strategy to increase children's food familiarity, preferences, and intake. Research investigating this method in less controlled settings is scarce. This study investigates the effects of repeated fruit and vegetable (FV) exposure through the Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF) on children's FV familiarity, preferences, and intake.

Co-Creation Approach with Action-Oriented Research Methods to Strengthen "Krachtvoer"; A School-Based Programme to Enhance Healthy Nutrition in Adolescents.

In recent years, the nutritional pattern of the Dutch adolescent has cautiously improved. However, progress can be gained if more Dutch adolescents adhere to the nutritional guidelines. School-based initiatives offer opportunities to deal with the unhealthy eating behaviours of adolescents via nutrition educational interventions.

[Effects and costs of The Healthy Primary School of the Future].

Objective: To study school lifestyle interventions for elementary school children (The Healthy Primary School of the Future).

Research Question: What are the effects of the introduction of increased physical activity with or without healthy nutrition on health behaviour and BMI of young children and what are the costs of this program?

Design: Prospective controlled non-randomized study with nearly 1700 children in Parkstad (South-East Netherlands).

Results: Preliminary results after two years show that the combination of increased physical activity and healthy nutrition result in a decreased BMIz-score (-0.

The Effectiveness of the Good Affordable Food Intervention for Adults with Low Socioeconomic Status and Small Incomes.

Good Affordable Food (GAF) is a small-group nutrition education intervention for adults with low socioeconomic status and small incomes. It aims to empower participants to save money on groceries and consume healthier diets. This paper reports the short-term and longer-term effects on behavioural determinants and self-reported behavioural changes.

Can the Healthy Primary School of the Future offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic in young children? A Dutch quasi-experimental study.

Objectives: Schools play an important role in promoting healthy behaviours in children and can offer perspective in the ongoing obesity epidemic. The 'Healthy Primary School of the Future' (HPSF) aims to improve children's health and well-being by enhancing school health promotion. The current study aims to assess the effect of HPSF on children's body mass index (BMI) z-score after 1 and 2 years follow-up and to investigate whether HPSF has different effects within specific subgroups of children.

Unravelling the Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future: For Whom and Where Is It Effective?

The 'Healthy Primary School of the Future' (HPSF) aims to integrate health and well-being within the whole school system. This study examined the two-year effects of HPSF on children's dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviours at school and at home and investigated whether child characteristics or the home context moderated these effects. This study ( = 1676 children) has a quasi-experimental design with four intervention schools, i.

The Moderating Role of the School Context on the Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future.

: The current study investigated the moderating role of the school context on the effects of a Dutch health promoting school initiative on children's health and health behaviors. : The study used a mixed-methods design. The school context ( = 4) was assessed by the characteristics of the school population, teacher's health-promoting (HP) practices, implementers' perceived barriers, school's HP elements, and dominating organizational issues.

One- and Two-Year Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on Children's Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviours: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Schools can help to improve children's health. The 'Healthy Primary School of the Future' (HPSF) aims to sustainably integrate health and well-being into the school system. This study examined the effects of HPSF on children's dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviours after 1 and 2 years' follow-up.

The Healthy Primary School of the Future: A Contextual Action-Oriented Research Approach.

Schools can play an important role in promoting children's health behaviours. A Dutch initiative, 'The Healthy Primary School of the Future', aims to integrate health and well-being into the school system. We use a contextual action-oriented research approach (CARA) to study the implementation process.

The Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ): Development and Test-Retest Reliability.

The narrow focus of existing food parenting instruments led us to develop a food parenting practices instrument measuring the full range of food practices constructs with a focus on snacking behavior. We present the development of the questionnaire and our research on the test-retest reliability. The developed Comprehensive Snack Parenting Questionnaire (CSPQ) covers 21 constructs.

Implementing multiple intervention strategies in Dutch public health-related policy networks.

Improving public health requires multiple intervention strategies. Implementing such an intervention mix is supposed to require a multisectoral policy network. As evidence to support this assumption is scarce, we examined under which conditions public health-related policy networks were able to implement an intervention mix.

Explaining use of food parenting practices: the importance of predisposing factors and parental cognitions.

Objective: The high energy intake from energy-dense foods among children in developed countries is undesirable. Improving food parenting practices has the potential to lower snack intakes among children. To inform the development of interventions, we aimed to predict food parenting practice patterns around snacking (i.

Patterns of Food Parenting Practices and Children's Intake of Energy-Dense Snack Foods.

Most previous studies of parental influences on children's diets included just a single or a few types of food parenting practices, while parents actually employ multiple types of practices. Our objective was to investigate the clustering of parents regarding food parenting practices and to characterize the clusters in terms of background characteristics and children's intake of energy-dense snack foods. A sample of Dutch parents of children aged 4-12 was recruited by a research agency to fill out an online questionnaire.

Restrictive rules of Dutch mothers regarding their children's dietary intake between meals.

The use of restrictive food rules by parents has been found to be associated with dietary intake in their children. The aim of this study was to explore the use of restrictive rules of Dutch mothers regarding their child's food intake between main meals in detail, to generate necessary input for setting priorities for further research and intervention development. A cross-sectional questionnaire study on nine restrictive rules was completed by 359 mothers of primary school children aged 4-12years.

The assessment of ongoing community-based interventions to prevent obesity: lessons learned.

Background: The assessment of real-life, community-based interventions to tackle obesity is an important step in the development of effective policies. Especially multi-level interventions have a high likely effectiveness and potential reach in counteracting the obesity epidemic. Although much can be learned from these initiatives, performing an evaluation of such interventions is challenging.

Intake of energy-dense snack foods and drinks among Dutch children aged 7-12 years: how many, how much, when, where and which?

Objective: To describe the energy-dense snack food (EDSF) and energy-dense drink (EDD) consumption of children in the Netherlands and investigate subgroup differences. The amounts consumed, eating occasions, places of consumption and consumed types are reported.

Design: Twenty-four hour dietary recall data were used to describe the EDSF and EDD consumption.

Associations between general parenting, restrictive snacking rules, and adolescent's snack intake. The roles of fathers and mothers and interparental congruence.

Introduction: Little research has been done on the role of fathers and parenting congruence between mothers and fathers. This study aimed to clarify the roles of general parenting and restrictive snacking rules set by fathers and mothers, and to explore parenting congruence in explaining adolescents' snack intake.

Methods: Adolescents aged 11 to 15 completed a questionnaire assessing their perception of general parenting constructs (i.

Emotional and instrumental feeding practices of Dutch mothers regarding foods eaten between main meals.

Background: To assess how much of a public health problem emotional and instrumental feeding practices are, we explored the use of these feeding practices in a sample of Dutch mothers regarding their child's food intake between main meals.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 359 mothers of primary school children aged 4-12 years. The questionnaires were completed online at home.

What moves them? Active transport among inhabitants of Dutch deprived districts.

Background: Active modes of transport like walking and cycling have been shown to be valuable contributions to daily physical activity. The current study investigates associations between personal and neighbourhood environmental characteristics and active transport among inhabitants of Dutch deprived districts.

Method: Questionnaires about health, neighbourhoods, and physical activity behaviour were completed by 742 adults.

General and food-specific parenting: measures and interplay.

Background: Parental influence on child food intake is typically conceptualized at three levels-parenting practices, feeding style, and parenting style. General parenting style is modeled at the most distal level of influence and food parenting practices are conceptualized as the most proximal level of influence. The goal of this article is to provide insights into contents and explanatory value of instruments that have been applied to assess food parenting practices, feeding style, and parenting style.