Strengths-based media coverage of people with disability challenges deficits-based perceptions of impairment that are elicited through a traditional, medical model. As an evaluation of strengths-based media coverage, we examined the impact of viewing Paralympic media coverage on explicit attitudes toward people with disability. University students (N = 135, Mage = 20.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAthlete age-grouping and age-banding has been shown to impact sport participation and athlete development. The current study examined the impact of within-year (WYEs) and between-year effects (BYEs), and their interactions with playing position, on female participation in elite German football. The sample of 1,378 German first-league players revealed expected participation inequities within-year with relatively older players being over-represented and younger players being under-represented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRelative age effects (RAEs) are commonly associated with advantages for older athletes. However, a variety of benefits attributed to 'advantage reversals' have been observed among relatively younger professional athletes. Considering psychosocial development as a proposed mechanism, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) To explore an association between developmental assets (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Dedicated PICUs are slowly starting to emerge in sub-Saharan Africa. Establishing these units can be challenging as there is little data from this region to inform which populations and approaches should be prioritized. This study describes the characteristics and outcome of patients admitted to the first PICU in Malawi, with the aim to identify factors associated with increased mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychiatr Psychol Law
October 2021
Many lawyers experience regular exposure to traumatic material yet little is known about its effects. This study examines what traumatic material affects lawyers, how they respond in the moment and how they recover. The participants ( = 18 lawyers) completed a five-day diary study and a semi-structured interview regarding their experiences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite their prevalence, the longitudinal impacts of relative age effects (RAEs) on sport and other forms of physical activity (PA) are understudied. This study examined longitudinal participation patterns in organized sport (team and individual), unorganized PA, and non-participation with respect to RAEs in a prospective cohort of adolescents. Data from the first 24 cycles of the MATCH study were used for analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSport dropout rates among children and youth are a concern for researchers and policy makers. The impact of relative age effects (RAEs) on dropout trends has not been adequately examined in female samples. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine dropout in a female soccer cohort in Ontario, Canada.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Sports Act Living
September 2020
Environmental context can impact youth engagement in sport and athlete development. Previous work has examined the population size of the birthplace of elite athletes; commonly known as the or . Community density has also been recognized as an important variable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychiatr Psychol Law
June 2020
Lawyers experience significant levels of psychological distress. We argue that one reason, which has received insufficient attention from researchers, is their exposure to traumatic material. Our study examined the lived experience of lawyers who are exposed to traumatic material, including the role their organisation and profession play in shaping their experiences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Online First version of this article was made available at https://link.springer.com/article/10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Subtle differences in chronological age within sport (bi-) annual-age groupings can contribute to immediate participation and long-term attainment discrepancies; known as the relative age effect. Voluminous studies have examined relative age effects in male sport; however, their prevalence and context-specific magnitude in female sport remain undetermined.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and magnitude of relative age effects in female sport via examination of published data spanning 1984-2016.
Aging Ment Health
December 2017
Objective: To qualitatively examine factors that contribute to successful aging during different decades of older adulthood.
Methods: Fundamental qualitative description was adopted as the methodological framework. Through purposeful sampling, 42 community dwelling older adults (mean age = 79.
AIMS Public Health
August 2016
Sedentary behaviour is negatively associated with several health outcomes and is particularly problematic among older adults. Knowledge translation tools and public health promotion strategies are needed; however, little evidence is available to inform framing of such tools or development of intervention programs. The aim of the present study was to use data on the perceptions of sedentary time and the programs or supports older adults identify as important for reducing their sedentary time, to inform knowledge translation strategies targeting this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Q Exerc Sport
December 2016
Unlabelled: Annual age cohort groupings promote relative age effects (RAEs), which often, inadvertently, create participation and attainment biases between relatively older and younger players within the same age cohort. In a globally evolving sport, women's rugby team selection practices may potentially bypass qualified players as a result of maturational differences.
Purpose: Our study examined the prevalence of RAEs in women's rugby union.
Background: A disconnect in manual patient transfer (MPT) training practices for nurses, between what is taught and used in academic and clinical settings, could have implications for injury.
Objective: This study aimed to determine: 1. what MPTs student and staff nurses use in clinical settings, and 2.
Tai chi (TC) has been shown to positively influence health-related fitness (HRF) of elderly participants by affording them a means to increase musculoskeletal strength. The objective of this study was to examine TC intervention effects on HRF and whether ethnic groups not culturally related to TC experienced a barrier to participation in a community-based program for low-income older adults. Seventy-eight older mixed-ethnicity adults (age 55 and older) who were not culturally affiliated with TC were recruited for this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Suprapostural task performance (manual tracking) and postural control (sway and frequency) were examined as a function of attentional focus, age, and tracking difficulty. Given the performance benefits often found under external focus conditions, it was hypothesized that external focus instructions would promote superior tracking and reduced postural sway for both age groups, most notably as a function of tracking difficulty.
Method: Postural sway, frequency of postural adjustments, and tracking accuracy under two levels of task difficulty were assessed for younger (M(age) = 20.
The concept of aging successfully has become increasingly important as demographics shift towards an aging population. Successful aging has been defined to include (1) a low probability of disease and disease-related disability; (2) a high level of physical and cognitive functioning; and (3) an active engagement in life. The built environment can create opportunities or constraints for seniors to participate in social and productive activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Observation-based posture assessment methods (e.g. RULA, 3DMatch) require classification of body postures into categories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe identification of barriers to physical activity and exercise has been used for many decades to explain exercise behavior in older adults. Typically health concerns are the number one barrier to participation. Data from CCHS-HA dataset (N = 20, 875) were used to generate a sample of Canadians, 60+ years, who did not identify a health condition limitation, illness, or injury as a barrier to participation in physical activity (n = 4,900) making this dataset unique in terms of the study of barriers to participation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Patient transfers have been implicated as a contributing factor in the high work-related musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) rate in nursing. However, documenting how much time is spent doing such tasks, compared to other less biomechanically stressful tasks in the workplace, has been limited, and not performed to date using a video-based approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of documenting all job-related nursing tasks performed during a typical shift in a hospital setting using video.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of training on the decision times and errors associated with video-based trunk posture classifications. Altogether, 30 amateur and 30 knowledge-based participants completed a three-phase study (pre-training, training, post-training) that required them to classify static trunk postures in images on a computer screen into a posture category that represented the angle of the trunk depicted. Trunk postures were presented in both flexion/extension and lateral bend views and at several distances from the boundaries of the posture categories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of student and staff nurses regarding training they received and their confidence in performing a variety of common manual patient transfers (MPTs), given that inadequate training may have implications for injury risk.
Participants: Student nurses (n=163) from a mid-sized university and staff nurses (n=33) from a small rural hospital in the university's region.
Methods: Participants were surveyed to determine which of 19 MPTs they perceived having received training for and had greatest confidence performing.
Research has shown that physical activity (PA) is associated with overall successful aging (SA), but it is unknown whether PA promotes each SA component in similar ways. This cross-sectional population-based cohort study investigates SA in adults aged 60 years+ using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey ( N = 12,042). Multivariate comparisons showed that, compared to those who were PA, physical inactivity was a much stronger associate of functional limitations than either chronic disease or being socially unengaged with life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRowe and Kahn's (1987, 1998) model of successful aging (SA) implies a balance among: (1) low probability of disease and disease-related disability; (2) high cognitive and physical functioning; and (3) active engagement with life. This study assessed the relationship of age to the components of SA across the sixth, seventh and eighth decades of life in Canadian seniors (N = 14,749). Age was a significant predictor of disease-related disability and impaired physical functioning, but age had little impact on engagement.
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