[HIV mortality in sanitary districts of Mexico from 1990 to 2015].

Objective: To analyze the distribution and trends of HIV mortality in the Sanitary Districts (JS) of Mexico.

Materials And Methods: To calculate crude and standardized mortality rates, official figures of deaths from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and population estimates from Consejo Nacional de Población were used. Magnitude, distribution and trends of HIV mortality were analyzed, at the national level, by state and JS, using JoinPoint regression model.

Sexual and reproductive health outcomes are positively associated with comprehensive sexual education exposure in Mexican high-school students.

Objectives: To describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in public and private high schools in Mexico. Questions about CSE coverage and about knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health were included.

Barriers to HPV self-sampling and cytology among low-income indigenous women in rural areas of a middle-income setting: a qualitative study.

Background: Data is needed about barriers to self-collection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) samples and cytology among low-income, disadvantaged women living in rural areas of lower-income countries as these women are at increased risk of cervical cancer mortality.

Methods: Individual interviews (n = 29), focus groups (n = 7, 5-11 participants) and discussion groups (n = 2, 18-25 participants) were organized with women from three indigenous ethnic groups residing in rural areas in Mexico, after they were provided with free, self-sampled HPV tests. These groups are low-income, underserved by healthcare and have historically been on the receiving end of racism and social exclusion.

Pretreatment HIV-drug resistance in Mexico and its impact on the effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy: a nationally representative 2015 WHO survey.

Background: WHO has developed a global HIV-drug resistance surveillance strategy, including assessment of pretreatment HIV-drug resistance. We aimed to do a nationally representative survey of pretreatment HIV-drug resistance in Mexico using WHO-recommended methods.

Methods: Among 161 Ministry of Health antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Mexico, the largest, including 90% of ART initiators within the Ministry of Health (66 in total), were eligible for the survey.

CD4 Counts at Entry to HIV Care in Mexico for Patients under the "Universal Antiretroviral Treatment Program for the Uninsured Population," 2007-2014.

In Mexico, public health services have provided universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2004. For individuals receiving HIV care in public healthcare facilities, the data are limited regarding CD4 T-lymphocyte counts (CD4e) at the time of entry into care. Relevant population-based estimates of CD4e are needed to inform strategies to maximize the impact of Mexico's national ART program, and may be applicable to other countries implementing universal HIV treatment programs.

[The role of supply-side characteristics of services in AIDS mortality in Mexico].

Objective: To document the association between supply-side determinants and AIDS mortality in Mexico between 2008 and 2013.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the SALVAR database (system for antiretroviral management, logistics and surveillance) as well as data collected through a nationally representative survey in health facilities. We used multivariate logit regression models to estimate the association between supply-side characteristics, namely management, training and experience of health care providers, and AIDS mortality, distinguishing early and non-early mortality and controlling for clinical indicators of the patients.

[Delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Mexico].

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of delayed- initiation (DI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV attended at the Ministry of Health (SS, for its initials in Spanish) in Mexico, and to describe its behavior over time (2008-2013) and differences by gender and age.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive and sectional study of people entering ART in the period 2008-2013 in the SS. The prevalence of DI ART (CD4+ <200 cells/ml) was estimated and differences according to sex and age were analyzed.

Use of magnesium sulfate for treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Mexico.

Objective: To establish a baseline of magnesium sulfate utilization prior to publication of the updated 2006 technical guidelines on pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Mexico, and to examine barriers to treating pregnant women with magnesium sulfate as perceived by maternal health experts.

Methods: In collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Health, medical charts were reviewed for 87 maternal deaths due to hypertensive disorders that occurred in Mexico in 2005. Evidence was gathered on whether magnesium sulfate had been indicated or administered.

[Coverage for birth care in Mexico and its interpretation within the context of maternal mortality].

Objective: To evaluate health coverage for birth care in Mexico within the frame of maternal mortality reduction.

Materials And Methods: Two information sources were used: 1) The comparison between the results yield by the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2006 and 2012 (ENSANUT 2006 and 2012), and 2) the databases monitoring maternal deaths during 2012 (up to December 26), and live births (LB) in Mexico as estimated by the Mexican National Population Council (Conapo).

Results: The national coverage for birth care by medical units is nearly 94.

[Public policies for the detection of breast cancer in Mexico].

Breast Cancer is a significant public health problem associated with epidemiological and demographic transitions that are currently taking place in Mexico. Aging and increased exposure to risk factors are thought to increase breast cancer incidence, having great relevance for the society and health services. Under this scenario, the health system must respond to the growing needs for better breast cancer screening services.

[Analysis of reproductive health expenditures in Mexico, 2003].

Objectives: To estimate reproductive health expenditures in Mexico during 2003; analyze how costs were distributed across the main programs, funding entities, and providers of health goods and services; and evaluate the relationship between reproductive health expenditures and economic indicators in different states, using health accounts methods.

Methods: We estimated reproductive health expenditures between January and December 2003, at the national and state level. We used health accounts methods adjusted for the particular characteristics of Mexico on the basis of information from public and private sources.