[Pediatric guidelines for coeliac disease: Treatment and follow-up].

The goal of the treatment is to relieve symptoms, achieve duodenal mucosal healing, avoid long term complications, and ensure children´s appropriate growth, for which it´s necessary to follow a lifelong, nutritionally complete and healthy gluten free diet (GFD). The Celiac Disease Working Group of the Gastroenterology Committee of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría developed this guide based on expert consensus, aimed at gastroenterologists, pediatricians and primary care physicians with the objective of updating the following topics: Treatment. Definition of gluten free food.

[Pediatric coeliac disease: Clinical features and diagnostic process].

Celiac disease is a chronic condition that affects approximately 1% of the world's population, becoming a public health problem. The numerous publications and international guides published in recent years make it necessary to update aspects related to its diagnosis. Highly sensitive and specific serological determinations have allowed the identification of the clinical polymorphism.

Gender-specific capacity of insulin resistance proxies to predict functional decline in older adults.

Objectives: Insulin resistance determined by Homeostasis Model of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) has been associated with functional decline in non-diabetic older subjects. However, insulin is not routinely assessed. The study evaluated the predictive value of non-insulin-dependent IR surrogates on functional decline in non-diabetic older men and women.

The Perfect Storm: Applying the Multiple Streams Framework to Understand the Adoption of a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-Based Policy in Mexico.

Background: The aim of this study was to document how Mexico adopted a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)-based national tobacco control law.

Methods: We analyzed publicly available documents and interviewed 14 key stakeholders. We applied the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to analyze these findings.

[Cow's milk allergy: diagnostic process. Expert consensus].

Cow's milk protein can cause food allergy. The different mechanisms of action involved, the clinical variability depending on the stage of pediatric life in which it manifests, leads to difficulties in its approach, with the risk of under- or over-diagnosis. Professionals from various areas intervene in this process and their interaction is recommended.

Fiber in enteral nutrition: why and what for?

Enteral formulas containing fiber, designed to be administered orally or by gavage, have been used for decades. Although their indication in the pediatric population does not have a global consensus, knowledge about the benefits of using fiber to promote healthier microbiota has grown in recent years. Different fiber types' physicochemical characteristics (solubility, viscosity, fermentability) determine their functions.

[Cow's milk allergy treatment. An expert consensus].

The treatment of cow's milk protein allergy is based on the complete elimination of cow's milk protein from the diet. To achieve remission of symptoms and future tolerance, exclusion must be total. In formula fed infants the extensively hydrolysed formula is the most appropriate option in mild or moderate forms, while those based on amino acids are reserved for the most severe cases.

PKC Inhibition Improves Human Penile Vascular Function and the NO/cGMP Pathway in Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction: The Role of NADPH Oxidase.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a frequent and difficult-to-treat condition in diabetic men. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in diabetes-related vascular and cavernosal alterations. We aimed to evaluate the role of PKC in endothelial dysfunction and NO/cGMP impairment associated with diabetic ED in the human corpus cavernosum (CC) and penile resistance arteries (PRAs) and the potential mechanisms involved.

Dietary phosphate restriction prevents the appearance of sarcopenia signs in old mice.

Background: Sarcopenia is defined by the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function associated with aging. We have previously proposed that aging-related hyperphosphataemia is linked with the appearance of sarcopenia signs. Because there are not effective treatments to prevent sarcopenia, except for resistance exercise, we propose here to analyse whether the dietary restriction of phosphate could be a useful strategy to improve muscle function and structure in an animal model of aging.

Towards a smoke-free world? South America became the first 100% smoke-free subregion in the Americas.

Almost 20 years after the launching by the Pan American Health Organization of its "Smoke-Free Americas" initiative in 2001, in December 2020, South America became the first subregion in the Americas to accomplish 100% smoke-free environments in line with Article 8 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Some of these countries adopted legal measures that are more robust than others, including in their laws specific outdoor places in the smoking ban (like Argentina and Uruguay) and/or novel nicotine and tobacco products under their scope (like Ecuador and Paraguay). The 10 countries took different paths to adopt this public health measure, either through executive or legislative measures or a combination of both.

Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging.

Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations.

[Clinical guidelines for the managment of intestinal failure secondary to pediatric short bowel syndrome].

Intestinal failure secondary to short bowel syndrome in pediatrics, is a rare condition with high morbimortality. A follow up multidisciplinary team is necessary to minimize complications and optimize the intestinal rehabilitation. There are no gold standard guidelines for the management of this group of complex patients.

Hyperphosphatemia-Induced Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance Impairs Vascular Relaxation and Induces Inflammation and Fibrosis in Old Mice.

Aging impairs vascular function, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze whether aging-related hyperphosphatemia is implied in this effect by elucidating the role of oxidative stress. C57BL6 mice that were aged 5 months (young) and 24 months (old), receiving a standard (0.

Aging-related hyperphosphatemia impairs myogenic differentiation and enhances fibrosis in skeletal muscle.

Background: Hyperphosphatemia has been related to the development of sarcopenia in aging mice. We describe the intracellular mechanisms involved in the impairment of the myogenic differentiation promoted by hyperphosphatemia and analyse these mechanisms in the muscle from older mice.

Methods: C C cells were grown in 2% horse serum in order to promote myogenic differentiation, in the presence or absence of 10 mM beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) for 7 days.

Uraemic toxins impair skeletal muscle regeneration by inhibiting myoblast proliferation, reducing myogenic differentiation, and promoting muscular fibrosis.

Uraemic toxins increase in serum parallel to a decline in the glomerular filtration rate and the development of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study analyses the role of uraemic toxins in sarcopenia at different stages of CKD, evaluating changes in the muscular regeneration process. Cultured CC cells were incubated with a combination of indoxyl sulphate and p-cresol at high doses (100 µg/mL) or low doses (25 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL) resembling late or early CKD stages, respectively.

Regional Alterations in Cortical Sulcal Depth in Living Fetuses with Down Syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of developmental disabilities. Advanced analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to find brain abnormalities and their relationship to neurocognitive impairments in children and adolescents with DS. Because genetic factors affect brain development in early fetal life, there is a growing interest in analyzing brains from living fetuses with DS.

Gut ecosystem during infancy: The role of "biotics".

In recent years, the evidence has demonstrated the relevance of the gut microbiota in an individual's health. The dynamics of an early colonization and the establishment of a community of plenty, diverse, and healthy microorganisms from a vaginal delivery and breastfeeding are critical for the development of a healthy immune matrix. The objective of this review is to describe the available evidence on microbiota development in the first year of life and the current possibilities offered by prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and postbiotics during such critical stage of life.

Endothelin-1 induces cellular senescence and fibrosis in cultured myoblasts. A potential mechanism of aging-related sarcopenia.

Endothelial dysfunction, with increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis, and sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of muscular mass and strength, are two aging-related conditions. However, a relationship between them has not been already established. The aim of this study was to determine whether ET-1 induces senescence and fibrosis in cultured murine myoblasts, which could be involved in the development of sarcopenia related to aging.

Hyperphosphatemia Promotes Senescence of Myoblasts by Impairing Autophagy Through Ilk Overexpression, A Possible Mechanism Involved in Sarcopenia.

In mammalians, advancing age is associated with sarcopenia, the progressive and involuntary loss of muscle mass and strength. Hyperphosphatemia is an aging-related condition involved in several pathologies. The aim of this work was to assess whether hyperphosphatemia plays a role in the age-related loss of mass muscle and strength by inducing cellular senescence in murine myoblasts and to explore the intracellular mechanism involved in this effect.

High-serum phosphate and parathyroid hormone distinctly regulate bone loss and vascular calcification in experimental chronic kidney disease.

Background: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), increases in serum phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) aggravate vascular calcification (VC) and bone loss. This study was designed to discriminate high phosphorus (HP) and PTH contribution to VC and bone loss.

Methods: Nephrectomized rats fed a HP diet underwent either sham operation or parathyroidectomy and PTH 1-34 supplementation to normalize serum PTH.

Hyperphosphatemia induces senescence in human endothelial cells by increasing endothelin-1 production.

Hyperphosphatemia is related to some pathologies, affecting vascular cell behavior. This work analyzes whether high concentration of extracellular phosphate induces endothelial senescence through up-regulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1), exploring the mechanisms involved. The phosphate donor β-glycerophosphate (BGP) in human endothelial cells increased ET-1 production, endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) protein, and mRNA expression, which depend on the AP-1 activation through ROS production.

Corrigendum to "Glucose Oxidase Induces Cellular Senescence in Immortal Renal Cells through ILK by Downregulating Gene Expression".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/416738.].

[National consensus on the modified Atkins diet].

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects 0.5-1% of the population. One third of the patients become refractory to antiepileptic drugs.

Recommendations for the clinical management of children with refractory epilepsy receiving the ketogenic diet.

The ketogenic diet, a non-drug treatment with proven effectiveness, has been the most commonly used therapy in the past decade for the management of refractory epilepsy in the pediatric population. Compared to adding a new drug to a pre-existing treatment, the ketogenic diet is highly effective and reduces the number of seizures by 50-90% in approximately 45-60% of children after six months of treatment. For this reason, the Argentine Society of Pediatric Neurology established the Ketogenic Diet Working Group.

Costa Rica's implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: Overcoming decades of industry dominance.

Objective: To analyze the passage of Costa Rica's 2012 tobacco control law.

Materials And Methods: Review of legislation, newspaper articles, and key informant interviews.

Results: Tobacco control advocates, in close collaboration with international health groups, recruited national, regional and international experts to testify in the Legislative Assembly, implemented grassroots advocacy campaigns, and generated media coverage to enact strong legislation in March 2012 consistent with the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, despite tobacco industry lobbying efforts that for decades blocked effective tobacco control legislation.