The Sonksen logMAR Test of Visual Acuity: I. Testability and reliability.

Purpose: To develop a standardized logMAR test of visual acuity for young children and establish testability and reliability.

Methods: Two thousand nine hundred ninety-one children, aged 2 to 8 years 6 months, from a population sample of 4671 were recruited from schools and preschool facilities and tested. Ability to name or match letters, accept occlusion, and achieve binocular single and binocular and monocular measures of linear visual acuity were recorded.

The Sonksen logMAR test of visual acuity: II. Age norms from 2 years 9 months to 8 years.

Purpose: To establish age norms and interocular differences in visual acuity between 2 years 9 months and 8 years for the Sonksen logMAR Test.

Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study. Binocular measures of linear visual acuity were achieved in 2,940 children and monocular measures were achieved in 2,820 right eyes and 2,821 left eyes, respectively.

Infant nutrition and stereoacuity at age 4-6 y.

Background: Breastfeeding has been reported to benefit visual development in children. A higher concentration of docosahexaneoic acid (DHA) in breast milk than in formula has been proposed as one explanation for this association and as a rationale for adding DHA to infant formula, but few long-term data support this possibility.

Objective: The objectives of the study were, first, to test the hypothesis that breastfeeding benefits stereoscopic visual maturation and, second, if that benefit is shown, to ascertain whether it is mediated by the dietary intake of DHA.

The Indian picture puzzle test - a developmental test designed and standardised for Indian children.

Objective: To construct a test used by community pediatricians and other professionals in the UK as a screening test for verbal and non-verbal development in children aged 2 to 4 years of age.

Methods: A multifaceted developmental test of cognitive skills was constructed, modeled on the Bus Puzde Test (Egan 1984) for its case of administration and appeal. Each stage in the design was piloted in Rajasthan in all socioeconomic groups.

Developmental outcome, including setback, in young children with severe visual impairment.

This study retrospectively investigated the developmental perspective of 69 children (40 males, 29 females) with 'potentially simple' congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system: development was examined in the context of degree of visual impairment. Developmental and visual assessments were carried out at 10 to 16 months (Time 1) and 27 to 54 months of age (Time 2). Participants were grouped according to (1) visual status: profound visual impairment (PVI), severe visual impairment (SVI); (2) developmental status on the Reynell-Zinkin scales.