Publications by authors named "Patricia S Hong"
Article Synopsis
- Genetics and environmental factors, like toxic exposures, play crucial roles in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with mutations and interactions also being significant.
- Paternal smoking is identified as a possible risk factor for ASD, supported by biological reasons, its common occurrence, and the possibility of prevention.
- The study confirms that paternal smoking before and during pregnancy increases the risk of ASD in children, suggesting that smoking prevention efforts could help reduce this risk.
Importance: In 2011, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) approved intensive behavioral weight loss counseling for approximately 14 face-to-face, 10- to 15-minute sessions over 6 months for obese beneficiaries in primary care settings, when delivered by physicians and other CMS-defined primary care practitioners.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of behavioral counseling for overweight and obese patients recruited from primary care, as delivered by primary care practitioners working alone or with trained interventionists (eg, medical assistants, registered dietitians), or by trained interventionists working independently.
Evidence Review: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials published between January 1980 and June 2014 that recruited overweight and obese patients from primary care; provided behavioral counseling (ie, diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy) for at least 3 months, with at least 6 months of postrandomization follow-up; included at least 15 participants per treatment group and objectively measured weights; and had a comparator, an intention-to-treat analysis, and attrition of less than 30% at 1 year or less than 40% at longer follow-up.