Inflammatory cytokines and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children and adolescents.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by the intrahepatic deposition of fat. It is the most prevalent liver disease in the world, affecting obese children and adolescents. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood, although it is often related to insulin resistance.

Glucose alteration and insulin resistance in asymptomatic obese children and adolescents.

Objective: Obesity is associated with the abnormal glucose metabolism preceding type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, further investigation on the prediction of this lethal outcome must be sought. The objective was the profile glycemic assessment of asymptomatic obese children and adolescents from Salvador, Brazil.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathophysiology in obese children and adolescents: update.

Objective: Although the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was first identified in 1980, it presents multifactorial and unclear pathophysiology. In this review, we intend to update the pathophysiological mechanisms of a high morbidity and mortality associated disease that is affecting obese children worldwide.

Data Sources: The PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were used in the search strategy for articles related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and published in the last three decades.

Celiac Disease and Cystic Fibrosis: Challenges to Differential Diagnosis.

Cystic fibrosis and celiac disease were considered a single clinical entity for many years. Differentiation between the diseases occurred some time in the 1930s of the 20th Century. Both diseases may present the intestinal malabsorption syndrome and similar clinical manifestations that contribute to difficulties with clinical distinction.

Comparison of yogurt, soybean, casein, and amino acid-based diets in children with persistent diarrhea.

Although previous studies have shown successful treatment of persistent diarrhea (PD) with the use of yogurt-based diets, some recent ones speculate the need of special formulas for the nutritional management of PD complicated cases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the consumption of 3 lactose-free diets, with different degrees of complexity, is associated with lower stool output and shorter duration of diarrhea when compared with the use of a yogurt-based one on the nutritional management of PD. A total of 154 male infants, aged between 1 and 30 months, with PD and with or without dehydration, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups.