Characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV hospitalised at tertiary healthcare institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City.

Background: While existing research on people living with HIV (PWH) during the COVID-19 pandemic primarily focused on their clinical outcomes, a critical gap remains in understanding the implications of COVID-19 delivery of in-hospital care services to PWH. Our study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of PWH hospitalised during 2020 in Mexico City, comparing patients admitted due to COVID-19 vs. patients admitted due to other causes.

Bacterial incidence and drug resistance from pathogens recovered from blood, cerebrospinal and pleural fluids in 2019-2020. Results of the Invifar network.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. Analysis of sterile fluids is essential because microorganisms are defined as significant in most cases. Blood, cerebrospinal, and pleural fluids are frequently received in the microbiology lab because they are associated with considerable rates of morbi-mortality.

Increment Antimicrobial Resistance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the Invifar Network.

This study aims to assess the changes in antimicrobial resistance among some critical and high-priority microorganisms collected previously and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Mexico. We collected antimicrobial susceptibility data for critical and high-priority microorganisms from blood, urine, respiratory samples, and from all specimens, in which the pathogen may be considered a causative agent. Data were stratified and compared for two periods: 2019 versus 2020 and second semester 2019 (prepandemic) versus the second semester 2020 (pandemic).

General hospital outbreak of invasive candidiasis due to azole-resistant Candida parapsilosis associated with an Erg11 Y132F mutation.

An increasing number of outbreaks due to resistant non-albicans Candida species have been reported worldwide. Between 2014 and 2016, Candida isolates causing invasive candidiasis were recovered in a Mexican hospital. Isolates were identified to species level and antifungal susceptibility was determined.

Species identification of Enterococcus spp: Whole genome sequencing compared to three biochemical test-based systems and two Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems.

Aim: Here, we evaluated the performance of two commercial MALDI-TOF MS systems and three biochemical-based systems and compared them to WGS as the gold standard for identifying isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Methods: A total of 87 VRE clinical isolates were included. The mass spectrometers were the Microflex system with Biotyper software 3.

Intestinal Microbiome Changes in Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) FMT Enriched with in the Treatment of Recurrent Infection.

Aim: In this study, we conducted a comparative study to explore the differences in therapeutic efficacy and intestinal microbiome of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) FMT in addition with (FMT-L) for treatment of recurrent infection (R-CDI).

Methods: We designed a double-blinded randomized comparative two-arm pilot multicenter study to assess the efficacy and impact in the intestinal microbiome of standard capsules of FMT FMT-L enriched with 3 species of for patients with R-CDI. A 90-day follow-up of 21 patients was performed, starting at the beginning of the study.

Performance of the inFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) diary in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI).

Background: The inFLUenza Patient Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) measure is a daily diary assessing signs/symptoms of influenza across six body systems: Nose, Throat, Eyes, Chest/Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Body/Systemic, developed and tested in adults with influenza.

Objectives: This study tested the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of FLU-PRO scores in adults with influenza-like illness (ILI).

Methods: Data from the prospective, observational study used to develop and test the FLU-PRO in influenza virus positive patients were analyzed.

Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) Scores in Influenza-Positive Patients.

Objectives: To assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO©) scores for quantifying the presence and severity of influenza symptoms.

Methods: An observational prospective cohort study of adults (≥18 years) with influenza-like illness in the United States, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and South America was conducted. Participants completed the 37-item draft FLU-PRO daily for up to 14 days.

Higher In vitro Proliferation Rate of Rhizopus oryzae in Blood of Diabetic Individuals in Chronic Glycaemic Control Compared with Non-diabetic Individuals.

Metabolic control improves outcomes associated with mucormycosis. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro proliferation of Rhizopus oryzae in blood of individuals with and without diabetes at different glycaemic levels. Ninety-five individuals were included.

Sociodemographic differences among HIV-positive and HIV-negative recently pregnant women in Mexico City: A case-control study.

National HIV preventive programs in Mexico focus on high-risk groups that do not consider women, apart from prenatal screening. Nonetheless, the epidemic in women is growing, and there is a need to better understand sociodemographic factors in women living with HIV (WLH). We performed a case-control study in Mexico City, including HIV+ and HIV- women with a recent pregnancy to compare their sociodemographic characteristics and describe the circumstances of diagnosis in HIV+ women, as well as prenatal screening frequency in both groups.

Increasing rates of Clostridium difficile infection in Mexican hospitals.

Introduction: The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has changed in the last two decades. There is a lack of information regarding incidence and severity of CDI, especially in the developing world.

Methods: This was a retrospective and observational study from four hospitals of three Mexican cities.

Development of the Flu-PRO: a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument to evaluate symptoms of influenza.

Background: To develop content validity of a comprehensive patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure following current best scientific methodology to standardize assessment of influenza (flu) symptoms in clinical research.

Methods: Stage I (Concept Elicitation): 1:1 telephone interviews with influenza-positive adults (≥18 years) in the US and Mexico within 7 days of diagnosis. Participants described symptom type, character, severity, and duration.

Evaluation of improvement of onychomycosis in HIV-infected patients after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy without antifungal treatment.

Onychomycosis in HIV-infected patients has a prevalence of 20-44% and is more frequently seen with CD4(+) T cell counts ≤450 cel μl(-1). There are case reports of improvement in onychomycosis after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), but there are no prospective studies that prove the existence and frequency of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate if HIV-infected patients with onychomycosis who begin cART improve and/or cure without antifungal treatment.

Plasma cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms in Mexican patients during the influenza pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09.

Background: In Mexico, the initial severe cases of the 2009 influenza pandemic virus A (H1N1) [A(H1N1)pdm09] were detected in early March. The immune mechanisms associated with the severe pneumonia caused by infection with this new virus have not been completely elucidated. Polymorphisms in interleukin genes have previously been associated with susceptibility to infectious diseases due to their influence on cytokine production.

New tetratrichomonas species in two patients with pleural empyema.

Two unusual occurrences of pleural trichomonosis due to a new Tetratrichomonas species previously reported but not named were confirmed. In one patient, Trichomonas tenax and a Tetratrichomonas species were also detected in the oral cavity by molecular methods. We suggest that this new Tetratrichomonas species be named Tetratrichomonas empyemagena.