Exploring biomarkers of regular wine consumption in human urine: Targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches.

The epidemiological assessment of wine consumption usually has been obtained using self-reporting questionnaires. In this study, two metabolomic approaches, targeted and untargeted, were applied to 24-h urine samples from a cohort of La Rioja (Spain) (aged 52-78), comparing moderate and daily wine consumers (20 males and 13 females) without diet intervention, versus non-consumers (8 males and 35 females). Results showed that the non-targeted metabolomics approach has allowed for the annotation of sixteen compounds in 24-h urine samples from regular wine-consumers that were not detected in the urine of non-wine consumers.

Novel digital-based approach for evaluating wine components' intake: A deep learning model to determine red wine volume in a glass from single-view images.

Estimation of wine components' intake (polyphenols, alcohol, etc.) through Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) may be particularly inaccurate. This paper reports the development of a deep learning (DL) method to determine red wine volume from single-view images, along with its application in a consumer study developed via a web service.

Composition of the microbiota in patients with growth hormone deficiency before and after treatment with growth hormone.

Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have modulatory effects on bowel function and its microbiota. Our aim was to investigate whether low levels of GH and IGF-1 in patients with GH deficiency are associated with changes in gut physiology/integrity as well as in the composition of the gut microbiota.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a case-control study in 21 patients with GH deficiency, at baseline and after 6 months of GH treatment, and in 20 healthy controls.

Beyond the effects of HIV infection and integrase inhibitors-based therapies on oral bacteriome.

Oral microbiome is the second largest microbial community in humans after gut. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection triggers an impairment of the immune system which could favour the growth and the colonization of pathogens in the oral cavity, and this dysbiosis has been associated with oral manifestations that worsen the quality of life of these patients. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) could also drive changes in specific oral bacterial taxa associated with such periodontal diseases.

Dual Classification Approach for the Rapid Discrimination of Metabolic Syndrome by FTIR.

Metabolic syndrome is a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, new point-of-care diagnostic tools are essential for unambiguously distinguishing MetS patients, providing results in rapid time. Herein, we evaluated the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric tools to detect spectra markers indicative of metabolic syndrome.

IGF1R is a mediator of sex-specific metabolism in mice: Effects of age and high-fat diet.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the short and long-term metabolic consequences of IGF1R systemic gene deficiency in mice.

Methods: mutant mice were used to suppress IGF1R signaling in adult tissues by inducing postnatal generalized deletion with tamoxifen. Animals were analyzed at two different ages: ) 13-weeks old young mice, and ) 12-months old middle-aged mice.

Artificial intelligence to estimate wine volume from single-view images.

In this paper, we present a method to determine the volume of wine in different types of glass liquid containers from a single-view image. The proposed model predicts red wine volume from a photograph of the glass containing the wine. Experimental results demonstrated satisfactory performance of our image-based wine measurement system, with a Mean Absolute Error lower than .

Randomized Clinical Trial: Effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB)-Enriched vs. HMB-Free Oral Nutritional Supplementation in Malnourished Cirrhotic Patients.

β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation increases muscle and strength mass in some muscle-wasting disorders. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are often present in liver cirrhosis. We aimed to investigate the effects of oral HMB supplementation on changes in body composition and liver status in patients with cirrhosis and malnutrition.

Integrase Inhibitors Partially Restore Bacterial Translocation, Inflammation and Gut Permeability Induced by HIV Infection: Impact on Gut Microbiota.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be considered a chronic disease thanks to the extended use of antiretroviral treatment (ART). In this context, low-grade chronic inflammation related to gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and bacterial translocation (BT) among other factors has been observed despite the use of ART. In addition, different ART regimens have demonstrated differential impacts on GM.

Corrigendum: ACE Gene Variants Rise the Risk of Severe COVID-19 in Patients With Hypertension, Dyslipidemia or Diabetes: A Spanish Pilot Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.

ACE Gene Variants Rise the Risk of Severe COVID-19 in Patients With Hypertension, Dyslipidemia or Diabetes: A Spanish Pilot Study.

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to scale and threaten human health and public safety. It is essential to identify those risk factors that lead to a poor prognosis of the disease. A predisposing host genetic background could be one of these factors that explain the interindividual variability to COVID-19 severity.

Lights and Shadows of Microbiota Modulation and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Patients.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with premature aging and the development of aging-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Gut microbiota (GM) disturbance is involved in these comorbidities and there is currently interest in strategies focused on modulating GM composition and/or functionality. Scientific evidence based on well-designed clinical trials is needed to support the use of prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal transplantation (FT) to modify the GM and reduce the incidence of CVD in HIV-infected patients.

Circulating Levels of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Are Lower in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: To better understand the biology of COVID-19, we have explored the behavior of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an angiogenic, vasodilating, and immune modulating peptide, in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive patients.

Methods: Levels of CGRP in the serum of 57 COVID-19 patients (24 asymptomatic, 23 hospitalized in the general ward, and 10 admitted to the intensive care unit) and healthy donors (n = 24) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, to better understand the physiological consequences of the observed variations, we investigated by immunofluorescence the distribution of receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), one of the components of the CGRP receptor, in autopsy lung specimens.

Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD.

Autologous fecal transplantation from a lean state potentiates caloric restriction effects on body weight and adiposity in obese mice.

Autologous fecal transplantation (FT-A) emerges as a promising strategy to modulate gut microbiota with minimal side effects since individual´s own feces are transplanted. With the premise of improving obesity and its associated disorders, we investigated if fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), heterologous and autologous, potentiates the effects of a moderate caloric restriction (CR) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were randomized into control, HFD, CR (12 weeks on HFD and 6 weeks under CR), FT-H (similar to CR and FMT carried out with feces from controls, weeks 17 & 18), and FT-A (administration of their own feces before developing obesity at weeks 17 & 18).

Short-term effects of direct-acting antiviral agents on inflammation and gut microbiota in hepatitis C-infected patients.

Liver damage is associated with gut dysbiosis. New direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are able to eradicate hepatitis C virus (HCV) from the body. However, the short and medium-term effects of DAAs at gut level before advanced liver damage occurs have not been evaluated yet.

Characterization of gut microbiota composition in HIV-infected patients with metabolic syndrome.

The presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) per se or its separated components in HIV-infected patients contributes to an accelerated aging and increased cardiovascular risk. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been linked with chronic inflammation associated with MS in a general non-infected population. However, no studies concerning GM have been performed in HIV-infected patients with MS.

Effects of the amino acid derivatives, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, taurine, and N-methyltyramine, on triacylglycerol breakdown in fat cells.

Various amino acid (AA) metabolites are used as supplements to facilitate metabolic control and enhance responsiveness of insulin-sensitive tissues. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite proposed to prevent muscle wasting and to mitigate insulin resistance. Taurine, commonly added to energizing drinks, is a metabolite of methionine and cysteine present in bile juice, and proposed to be involved in lipid digestion and to be pro-lipolytic in adipocytes.

Agaricus bisporus supplementation reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and fatty liver development.

Obesity is a global epidemic characterized not only by excessive fat deposition but also by important complications such as nonalcoholic liver steatosis. Beneficial antiobesogenic effects have been described for some mushrooms. The current study aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of Agaricus bisporus (AB) supplementation against the metabolic alterations induced by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding.

Differential effects of antiretrovirals on microbial translocation and gut microbiota composition of HIV-infected patients.

Introduction: Increased bacterial translocation and alterations to gut microbiota composition have been described in HIV infection and contribute to immune activation and inflammation. These effects persist despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, the contribution of different cART combinations has not yet been investigated.