Factors Associated With Early Computed Tomography Imaging in Children Hospitalized With Severe Orbital Infections.

Objective: We identified factors associated with computed tomographic (CT) imaging within 24 hours of emergency department (ED) presentation in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Patients And Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted that included children aged 2 months to 18 years between 2009 and 2018 who were admitted to the hospital with severe orbital infections, including periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to identify possible factors associated with receiving a CT scan within 24 hours of ED presentation.

Early childhood body mass index growth and school readiness: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Child growth influences future health and learning. School readiness refers to a child's ability to meet developmental expectations at school entry. The association of early growth rate and patterns with school readiness remains unknown.

Dexamethasone regime and clinical outcomes in children hospitalized with croup: A cohort study.

Background: High-quality trial evidence supports the use of one dose of dexamethasone in the outpatient management of croup; however, there are no inpatient trials, and the optimal treatment regimen for the inpatient management of croup remains uncertain. Significant practice variability exists in the corticosteroid treatment of children hospitalized for croup.

Objective: To evaluate the association of dexamethasone treatment regimen (1 vs.

Sociodemographic Factors and Trends in Bronchiolitis-Related Emergency Department Visit and Hospitalization Rates.

Importance: Bronchiolitis is the most common and most cumulatively expensive condition in pediatric hospital care. Few population-based studies have examined health inequalities in bronchiolitis outcomes over time.

Objective: To examine trends in bronchiolitis-related emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization rates by sociodemographic factors in a universally funded health care system.

Association of empiric antibiotic selection and clinical outcomes in hospitalised children with severe orbital infections: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine the association of initial empiric antibiotic regimens with clinical outcomes in hospitalised children with severe orbital infections.

Design: Multi-centre observational cohort study using data from 2009 to 2018 clinical records.

Setting: Canadian children's hospitals (7) and community hospitals (3).

Connecting families: a qualitative study examining the experiences of parenting young children under financial strain in Ontario, Canada.

Background: There is little research investigating the subjective experiences of parenting young children while living in poverty and experiencing financial strain using qualitative methodologies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to employ a qualitative approach to provide a nuanced and balanced view on the topic of parenting young children under financial strain in the Canadian context.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews between July and August 2021 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Association of factors with childhood asthma and allergic diseases using latent class analysis.

We hypothesize that children characterized by deprived factors have poorer health outcomes. We aim to identify clustering of determinants and estimate risk of early childhood diseases. This 1993-2019 longitudinal cohort study combines three Canadian pediatric cohorts and their families.

Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia from age 6 months to 65 years: estimates from international data sources.

Background: Detection of anaemia is crucial for clinical medicine and public health. Current WHO anaemia definitions are based on statistical thresholds (fifth centiles) set more than 50 years ago. We sought to establish evidence for the statistical haemoglobin thresholds for anaemia that can be applied globally and inform WHO and clinical guidelines.

Oxygen Saturation Targets in Infants Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objectives: To examine 2 hospital oxygen saturation target policies and clinical outcomes in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study used data collected from a randomized clinical trial of infants aged 4 weeks to 24 months, hospitalized with bronchiolitis at children's and community hospitals from 2016 to 2019. We modeled the association between hospital oxygen saturation target policy, either 90% while awake and 88% while asleep (90%/88%) or 90% while awake and asleep (90%/90%), and clinical outcomes.

Hemoglobin Threshold for Blood Transfusion in Young Children Hospitalized with Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Current recommendations advise against blood transfusion in hemodynamically stable children with iron deficiency anemia. In an observational study of 125 children aged 6 through 36 months, hospitalized with iron deficiency anemia, we found that hemoglobin level predicted red blood cell transfusion (area under the curve 0.8862).

Determinants of Anishinabeck infant and early childhood growth trajectories in Northwestern Ontario, Canada: a cohort study.

Background: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm emphasizes the significance of early life factors for the prevention of chronic health conditions, like type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, which disproportionately affect First Nations communities in Canada. Despite increasing DOHaD research related to maternal health during pregnancy, early childhood growth patterns, and infant feeding practices with many populations, data from First Nations communities in Canada are limited. In partnership with Sandy Lake First Nation, the aims of this project were to characterize birthweights and growth patterns of First Nations infants/children over the first 6 years of life and to study the impact of maternal and infant social and behavioral factors on birthweight and growth trajectories.

De-implementing low-value continuous pulse oximetry practice in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis: A multicentre qualitative study.

Background: Clinical trial evidence supports the routine use of intermittent pulse oximetry in stabilized infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. However, continuous pulse oximetry use is common.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to de-implement continuous pulse oximetry and implement intermittent pulse oximetry in infants hospitalized with stabilized bronchiolitis.

Screening Accuracy of the Parent-Report Preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Primary Care.

Objective: To evaluate the screening test accuracy and reliability of the parent-report preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (P-SDQ) in primary care settings.

Methods: Children 24 to 48 months were recruited at scheduled primary care visits in Toronto, Canada. Parents completed the P-SDQ at baseline, 2, and 12 weeks.

Xylitol for the prevention of acute otitis media episodes in children aged 1-5 years: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the regular use of xylitol, compared with sorbitol, to prevent acute otitis media (AOM), upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and dental caries.

Design: Blinded randomised controlled trial with a 6-month study period.

Setting: Enrolment took place at 11 primary care practices in Ontario, Canada.

Nasal Suctioning Therapy Among Infants With Bronchiolitis Discharged Home From the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Although nasal suctioning is the most frequently used supportive management for bronchiolitis, its benefit remains unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced vs minimal nasal suctioning in treating infants with bronchiolitis after discharge from the emergency department (ED).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 6, 2020, to December 15, 2022, at 4 tertiary-care Canadian pediatric EDs.

Association Between Family Income and Positive Developmental Screening Using the Infant Toddler Checklist at the 18-Month Health Supervision Visit.

Objective: To examine the associations between several potential predictors (child biologic, social, and family factors) and a positive screen for developmental delay using the Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) at the 18-month health supervision visit in primary care.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of healthy children attending an 18-month health supervision visit in primary care. Parents completed a standardized questionnaire, addressing child, social, and family characteristics, and the ITC.

Paediatric reference intervals and curves for haemoglobin and ferritin: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Reference intervals and reference curves provide clinicians with a point of reference when evaluating patients' laboratory test results. In practical applications, the 2.5th and 97.

A Feeding Adequacy Scale for Children With Bronchiolitis: Prospective Multicenter Study.

Objectives: To determine the measurement properties of the Feeding Adequacy Scale (FAS) in young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis.

Methods: Multicenter cohort study of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis at children's and community hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Caregivers and nurses completed the FAS, a 10-cm visual analog scale anchored by "not feeding at all" (score 0) and "feeding as when healthy" (score 10).

Incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To obtain updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2).

Study Design: We conducted a systematic search of NF1 and NF2 incidence or prevalence studies, in OVID Medline, OVID Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl. Studies were appraised with the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal tool.

Examining the Double Burden of Underweight, Overweight/Obesity and Iron Deficiency among Young Children in a Canadian Primary Care Setting.

There is little evidence on the prevalence of the double burden and association between body mass index (BMI) and iron deficiency among young children living in high-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthy children, 12-29 months of age, recruited during health supervision visits in Toronto, Canada, and concurrently measured BMI and serum ferritin. The prevalence of a double burden of underweight (zBMI < -2) and iron deficiency or overweight/obesity (zBMI > 2) and iron deficiency was calculated.

Abscess volume as a predictor of surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis: A multicentre cohort study.

Importance: Orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal or orbital abscess can result in serious morbidity and mortality in children. Objective volume criterion measurement on cross-sectional imaging is a useful clinical tool to identify patients with abscess who may require surgical drainage.

Objective: To determine the predictive value of abscess volume and the optimal volume cut-point for surgical intervention.

Statistical haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia across the lifecycle.

Detection of anaemia is critical for clinical medicine and public health. Current WHO values that define anaemia are statistical thresholds (5 centile) set over 50 years ago, and are presently <110g/L in children 6-59 months, <115g/L in children 5-11 years, <110g/L in pregnant women, <120g/L in children 12-14 years of age, <120g/L in non-pregnant women, and <130g/L in men. Haemoglobin is sensitive to iron and other nutrient deficiencies, medical illness and inflammation, and is impacted by genetic conditions; thus, careful exclusion of these conditions is crucial to obtain a healthy reference population.

Kidney Ultrasonography After First Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Controversy exists on the clinical utility of kidney ultrasonography after first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), and clinical practice guideline recommendations vary.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of urinary tract abnormalities detected on kidney ultrasonography after the first febrile UTI in children.

Data Sources: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for articles published from January 1, 2000, to September 20, 2022.