Plasma signatures of Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy patients identified by untargeted lipidomic profiling are not changed after a fat-containing breakfast meal.

Background: The incapacity to store lipids in adipose tissue in Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) causes hypoleptinemia, increased appetite, ectopic fat deposition and lipotoxicity. CGL patients experience shortened life expectancy. The plasma lipidomic profile has not been characterized fully in CGL, nor has the extent of dietary intake in its modulation.

Antioxidant effect of chamomile tea on the salivary glands of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

This study aimed to analyze oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the salivary glands of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with ad libitum consumption of chamomile tea in substitution of water for 21 days. Rats were divided in two control groups (untreated control and treated control) and two diabetic groups (untreated diabetic and treated diabetic). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant status (TAS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined.

Role of Annexin A1 in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Murine Neutrophils.

This study evaluated the role of endogenous and exogenous annexin A1 (AnxA1) in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in isolated peritoneal neutrophils. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and AnxA1 knockout mice (AnxA1) received 0.3% carrageenan intraperitoneally and, after 3 h, the peritoneal exudate was collected.

Single nucleotide variants c.-13G → C (rs17429833) and c.108C → T (rs72466472) in the CLDN1 gene and increased risk for familial colorectal cancer.

Background: The Claudin-1 (CLDN1) protein plays an important role in the function of the tight junction and studies have shown it is aberrantly downregulated in many tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between four SNVs in the CLDN1 gene [c.-13G → C (rs17429833), c.

Plasma Lipid Profile Reveals Plasmalogens as Potential Biomarkers for Colon Cancer Screening.

In this era of precision medicine, there is an increasingly urgent need for highly sensitive tests for detecting tumors such as colon cancer (CC), a silent disease where the first symptoms may take 10-15 years to appear. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics is an emerging tool for such clinical diagnosis. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in high energy collision spectral acquisition mode (MS) mode (UPLC-QTOF-MS) and gas chromatography (GC) to investigate differences between the plasmatic lipidic composition of CC patients and control (CTR) subjects.

Investigation of U-251 cell death triggered by flavonoid luteolin: towards a better understanding on its anticancer property against glioblastomas.

Recently, many studies have reported the anticancer properties of flavonoid luteolin against a variety of tumors, but there is still a lack in the description of its mechanism of action. In attempt to better contribute to the literature, we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of luteolin extracted by in a panel of tumor cell lines representative of six different tissues. Luteolin presented antiproliferative activity for all the assessed tumor cell lines, being glioblastoma the most sensitive one.

Effects of glucosyl-hesperidin and physical training on body weight, plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular reactivity of rats fed with high-fat diet.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with glucosyl hesperidin (GH), with or without physical training, on body weight, fat depot, glucose and plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular function of rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods: After weaning, male Wistar rats were fed with an HFD plus fructose for 12 weeks and started receiving oral antioxidant supplementation and/or physical training after the fourth week of diet for eight further weeks. Body weight, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat, plasma glucose and lipids, oxidative status and mesenteric artery reactivity were evaluated.

Effect of the consumption of green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation on metabolism of mothers and 28d-old offspring.

The objective was to investigate the effects of the maternal consumption of the green tea extract during pregnancy and lactation on mothers and offspring metabolism. The female Wistar rats, on the first day of pregnancy until the end of lactation, was divided into groups: MC- received water and ME- received green tea extract (400 mg/kg body weight/day), both ingested control diet. After lactation, at day 28 post-partum, the mothers and pups from each mother were euthanized and composed the groups: FC- pup from mother received water and FE- pup from mother received green tea extract.

The antioxidant effects of green tea reduces blood pressure and sympathoexcitation in an experimental model of hypertension.

Background: Oxidative stress is a key mediator in the maintenance of sympathoexcitation and hypertension in human and experimental models. Green tea is widely known to be potent antioxidant.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of green tea in a model of hypertension.

Review of anticancer mechanisms of isoquercitin.

This review was based on a literature search of PubMed and Scielo databases using the keywords "quercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, isoquercitin (IQ), quercetin-3-glucoside, bioavailability, flavonols and favonoids, and cancer" and combinations of all the words. We collected relevant scientific publications from 1990 to 2015 about the absorption, bioavailability, chemoprevention activity, and treatment effects as well as the underlying anticancer mechanisms of isoquercitin. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom.

Fatty acids in plasma, white and red blood cells, and tissues after oral or intravenous administration of fish oil in rats.

Background & Aims: The importance of route of administration of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (oral vs intravenous (iv)) is not clear. We determined the relative concentrations of fatty acids in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and several tissues after short-term oral or iv administration of soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO).

Methods: Wistar rats (n = 6/group) received saline, FO, or SO by gavage or saline, FO based-lipid emulsion (FLE), or SO based-lipid emulsion (SLE) iv.

Soybean and fish oil mixture increases IL-10, protects against DNA damage and decreases colonic inflammation in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis.

It was investigated whether dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could influence colonic injury, tissue DNA damage, cytokines and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and plasma corticosterone in DSS-induced colitis rats. Male weaning Wistar rats were fed for 47 days with an AIN-93 diet with control (C), fish (F) or a mixture of fish and soybean oil (SF). The colitis was induced from day 36 until day 42 by 3% DSS in drinking water.

Screening of microbial lipases and evalutaion of their potential to produce glycerides with high gamma linolenic acid concentration.

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, cis- 6,9,12- octadecatrienoic acid), an important compound in n- 6 eicosanoid family biosynthesis, occurs in the lipids of a few plant and microbial sources. This study focused on the screening of microbial strains with suitable lipase activity for enrichment of GLA by selective hydrolysis of the borage oil (21.6 % of GLA/total fatty acids).

Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous extract decreases intestinal SGLT1 gene expression but does not affect other biochemical parameters in alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats.

Yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acids. Evidence suggests that dietary polyphenols could play a role in glucose absorption and metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of yerba maté extract in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Phenolic antioxidants identified by ESI-MS from Yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) and green tea (Camelia sinensis) extracts.

Aqueous extracts of green yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) are good sources of phenolic antioxidants, as already described in the literature. The subject of this study were organic extracts from yerba maté, both green and roasted, and from green tea. Their phenolic profiles were characterized by direct infusion electrospray insertion mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and their free radical scavenging activity was determined by the DPPH assay.

Optimization of enantioselective resolution of racemic ibuprofen by native lipase from Aspergillus niger.

Resolution of (R,S)-ibuprofen (2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid) enantiomers by esterification reaction with 1-propanol in different organic solvents was studied using native Aspergillus niger lipase. The main variables controlling the process (enzyme concentration and 1-propanol:ibuprofen molar ratio) have been optimized using response surface methodology based on a five-level, two-variable central composite rotatable design, in which the selected objective function was enantioselectivity. This enzyme preparation showed preferentially catalyzes the esterification of R(-)-ibuprofen, and under optimum conditions (7% w/v of enzyme and molar ratio of 2.

The influence of sardine consumption on the omega-3 fatty acid content of mature human milk.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect the ingestion of sardines, rich in omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, has on the composition of breastmilk.

Methods: This was a prospective study of 31 nursing mothers under observation at the Hospital Guilherme Alvaro. Each was given 2 kg of fresh sardines twice with a 15-day interval.