Commercial Tobacco Retailing in Tribal Jurisdictions: A Field Study.

Our objective was to provide data contrasting commercial tobacco retailing in Tribal versus non-Tribal jurisdictions, in 3 states. These data may be relevant for US Food and Drug Administration regulation of Tribal retailing. With Tribal permission, observations were made on commercial tobacco advertising, product variety, pricing, and retail concept for stores within and just outside Tribal jurisdictions in areas of Arizona (AZ), California (CA), and Oklahoma (OK).

Genetics of Smoking Behaviors in American Indians.

Background: The smoking behavior of American Indians (AI) differs from that of non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Typically light smokers, cessation interventions in AIs are generally less effective. To develop more effective cessation programs for AIs, clinicians, researchers, and public health workers need a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in their smoking behavior.

Effect of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act on casino admissions and revenue.

Objective: As part of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act, smoking on the gambling floors of all commercial casinos in Illinois became prohibited. This study examined the effects of the Smoke-Free Illinois Act on casino admissions per-capita and real per-capita adjusted gross receipts using 18 years of data (10 years before and 8 years after the Illinois law went into effect).

Methods: We employed a difference-in-difference regression technique using monthly data for the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Missouri and control for numerous determinants expected to affect casino admissions and revenue.

Relationships Between Smoking Behaviors and Cotinine Levels Among Two American Indian Populations With Distinct Smoking Patterns.

Introduction: Smoking prevalence, cigarettes per day (CPD), and lung cancer incidence differ between Northern Plains (NP) and Southwest (SW) American Indian populations. We used cotinine as a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure to biochemically characterize NP and SW smokers and nonsmokers and to investigate factors associated with variation in tobacco exposure.

Methods: American Indians (N = 636) were recruited from two different tribal populations (NP and SW) as part of a study conducted as part of the Collaborative to Improve Native Cancer Outcomes P50 project.

Master Settlement Agreement Compliance Tobacco Directories: A Tool to Track Tribally Manufactured Cigarettes.

Introduction: Little is known about the scope of the tribally manufactured cigarette market. This study illuminates the topic by examining the Master Settlement Agreement Compliance Tobacco Directories, regularly updated documents that list the cigarette manufacturers and brand families that can be legally sold within participating states.

Methods: In July 2014, the latest Tobacco Directories were identified for 43 states and the District of Columbia.

Mercury, autoimmunity, and environmental factors on cheyenne river sioux tribal lands.

Mercury (Hg), shown to induce autoimmune disease in rodents, is a ubiquitous toxicant throughout Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe (CRST) lands. CRST members may be exposed to Hg through fish consumption (FC), an important component of native culture that may supplement household subsistence. Our goals were to ascertain whether total blood Hg levels (THg) reflect Hg exposure through FC and smoking, and determine whether THg is associated with the presence of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and specific autoantibodies (sAuAb).

Short-term effects of a smoking prevention website in American Indian youth.

Background: The rate of smoking commercial tobacco products among American Indian youth is double the rate for white youth. Interventions are needed to reduce this disparity.

Objective: To test the feasibility of a Web-based intervention to influence attitudes toward and intentions about smoking cigarettes among American Indian youth who attended a Native summer camp in the Northern Plains.

Religiosity and Spiritual Engagement in Two American Indian Populations.

Social scientific investigation into the religiospiritual characteristics of American Indians rarely includes analysis of quantitative data. After reviewing information from ethnographic and autobiographical sources, we present analyses of data from a large, population-based sample of two tribes (n = 3,084). We examine salience of belief in three traditions: aboriginal, Christian, and Native American Church.

Access, relevance, and control in the research process: lessons from Indian country.

Objective: To illustrate successful strategies in working with American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) communities in aging and health research by emphasizing access, local relevance, and decision-making processes.

Methods: Case examples of health studies involving older AIs (greater than or equal to 50 years) among Eastern Band Cherokee Indians, a federally recognized reservation; the Cherokee Nation, a rural, nonreservation, tribal jurisdictional service area; and Lakota tribal members living in Rapid City, South Dakota.

Results: Local review and decision making reflect the unique legal and historical factors underpinning AI sovereignty.

Smoking cessation and its determinants among older American Indians: the Strong Heart Study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between sociodemographic, clinical, and smoking history factors, and smoking cessation among older American Indians.

Design: Nested cohort study of cigarette smokers in the Strong Heart Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease among American Indians.

Setting: Thirteen American Indian tribes from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota.