Filarial disease in the Brazilian Amazon and emerging opportunities for treatment and control.

Following the successful eradication of , there are now just three species of conventional microfilaremic human filarial parasites endemic to the Brazilian Amazon region: , and The zoonotic filarial parasite is also found in the Amazon region as are several sylvatic filarial parasites, some of which have been recorded causing zoonoses and some of which have never been recorded outside the region. is only found in the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus in the Brazilian state of Roraima where it affects the people of the Yanomami tribe living around the densely forested Venezuela border region. is by far the most common filarial parasite in Brazil and has a broad but patchy distribution throughout the western Amazon region.