Prenatal, Maternal, and Early Childhood Factors Associated with Dental General Anesthesia to Treat Severe Early Childhood Caries.

The purpose of this study was to identify prenatal, maternal, and early childhood factors associated with surgery to treat severe-early-childhood-caries (S-ECC) using general anesthesia (GA). A case-control study using administrative health care and social services data examined factors associated with surgery under GA. Subjects included children <72 months old undergoing GA for caries between fiscal years 2005/06 and 2010/11.

The Association of Inadequate and Intensive Prenatal Care With Maternal, Fetal, and Infant Outcomes: A Population-Based Study in Manitoba, Canada.

Objective: Little is known about how prenatal care influences health outcomes in Canada. The objective of this study was to examine the association of prenatal care utilization with maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes in Manitoba.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy investigated all deliveries of singleton births from 2004-2005 to 2008-2009 (N = 67 076).

Inequities in utilization of prenatal care: a population-based study in the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Background: Ensuring high quality and equitable maternity services is important to promote positive pregnancy outcomes. Despite a universal health care system, previous research shows neighborhood-level inequities in utilization of prenatal care in Manitoba, Canada. The purpose of this population-based retrospective cohort study was to describe prenatal care utilization among women giving birth in Manitoba, and to determine individual-level factors associated with inadequate prenatal care.

Breastfeeding Initiation Associated With Reduced Incidence of Diabetes in Mothers and Offspring.

Objective: To examine associations between breastfeeding initiation and subsequent diabetes among First Nations (indigenous people in Canada who are not Métis or Inuit) and non-First Nations mothers and their offspring with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This retrospective database study included 334,553 deliveries (1987-2011) in Manitoba with up to 24 years of follow-up for diabetes using population-based databases. Information of breastfeeding initiation before hospital discharge was obtained from hospital abstracts recorded by nurses in postpartum wards.

Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Impact on the Development of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Canadian First Nations and Non-First Nations Offspring.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is increasing in children worldwide, with Canadian First Nations (FN) children disproportionally affected. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also is increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of GDM exposure in utero and FN status on the subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in offspring in the first 30 years of life.

Teen clinics: missing the mark? Comparing pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections rates among enrolled and non-enrolled adolescents.

Background: In Manitoba, Canada, school-based clinics providing sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents have been implemented to address high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancies.

Methods: The objectives of this population-based study were to compare pregnancy and STI rates between adolescents enrolled in schools with school-based clinics, those in schools without clinics, and those not enrolled in school. Data were from the PATHS Data Resource held in the Population Health Research Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.

Unconditional Prenatal Income Supplement and Birth Outcomes.

Background And Objectives: Perinatal outcomes have improved in developed countries but remain poor for disadvantaged populations. We examined whether an unconditional income supplement to low-income pregnant women was associated with improved birth outcomes.

Methods: This study included all mother-newborn pairs (2003-2010) in Manitoba, Canada, where the mother received prenatal social assistance, the infant was born in the hospital, and the pair had a risk screen (N = 14 591).

Barriers and facilitators related to implementation of regulated midwifery in Manitoba: a case study.

Background: In 2000, midwifery was regulated in the Canadian Province of Manitoba. Since the establishment of the midwifery program, little formal research has analyzed the utilization of regulated midwifery services. In Manitoba, the demand for midwifery services has exceeded the number of midwives in practice.

Bereavement after sibling death: a population-based longitudinal case-control study.

The objective of this study was to examine mental disorders and treatment use among bereaved siblings in the general population. Siblings (N=7243) of all deceased children in the population of Manitoba, Canada who died between 1984 and 2009 were matched 1:3 to control siblings (N=21,729) who did not have a sibling die in the study period. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the two sibling groups in the two years before and after the index child's death on physician-diagnosed mental disorders and treatment utilization, with adjustment for confounding factors including pre-existing mental illness.

Trends in Midwifery Use in Manitoba.

Objective: To describe the trends in numbers of midwives and midwifery-attended births and the characteristics of women who used midwifery health care services in Manitoba from 2001-2002 to 2009-2010.

Methods: We conducted a quantitative descriptive analysis using population-based, de-identified administrative data from the Population Health Research Data Repository at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy in Winnipeg, Manitoba to study the use of midwifery care. Trends in the numbers of practising and non-practising midwives were based on data from the College of Midwives of Manitoba registries and its annual reports.

Understanding Information About Mortality Among People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Canada.

Background: This paper reviews what is currently known about mortality among Canadians with intellectual and developmental disabilities and describes opportunities for ongoing monitoring.

Methods: In-hospital mortality among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario was examined using hospital data. Mortality was compared between age-, sex- and residence area-matched groups of Manitobans with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities using linked administrative data.

Can opportunities be enhanced for vaccinating children in home visiting programs? A population-based cohort study.

Background: Home visiting programs focused on improving early childhood environments are commonplace in North America. A goal of many of these programs is to improve the overall health of children, including promotion of age appropriate vaccination. In this study, population-based data are used to examine the effect of a home visiting program on vaccination rates in children.

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Early Interventions for Psychosis on the Usage of Inpatient Services.

Objectives: To review and synthesize the currently available research on whether early intervention for psychosis programs reduce the use of inpatient services.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using keywords searches on PubMed, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (ProQuest), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCO), Social Work Abstracts (EBSCO), Social Science Citations Index (Web of Science), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and Child Development & Adolescent Studies (EBSCO). To be included, studies had to be peer-reviewed publications in English, examining early intervention programs using a variant of assertive community treatment, with a control/comparison group, and reporting inpatient service use outcomes.

Trends in pediatric dental surgery for severe early childhood caries in Manitoba, Canada.

Introduction: Caries is the most common chronic disease of childhood, and severe forms may necessitate rehabilitative dental surgery. In this study, administrative data related to pediatric dental surgery performed under general anesthesia to treat severe early childhood caries in Manitoba, Canada, were reviewed to determine trends in pediatric dental surgery, as well as geographic, regional and socio-economic variations in surgical rates.

Methods: The total number of dental surgery cases performed under general anesthesia was obtained from provincial administrative databases for fiscal years from 1997-98 to 2006-07.

Have we left some behind? Trends in socio-economic inequalities in breastfeeding initiation: a population-based epidemiological surveillance study.

Objectives: Breastfeeding is associated with improved health. Surveillance data show that breastfeeding initiation rates have increased; however, limited work has examined trends in socio-economic inequalities in initiation. The study's research question was whether socio-economic inequalities in breastfeeding initiation have changed over the past 20 years.

Data resource profile: Pathways to Health and Social Equity for Children (PATHS Equity for Children).

The PATHS Data Resource is a unique database comprising data that follow individuals from the prenatal period to adulthood. The PATHS Resource was developed for conducting longitudinal epidemiological research into child health and health equity. It contains individual-level data on health, socioeconomic status, social services and education.

The effect of neighborhood socioeconomic status on education and health outcomes for children living in social housing.

Objectives: We explored differences in health and education outcomes between children living in social housing and not, and effects of social housing's neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Methods: In this cohort study, we used the population-based repository of administrative data at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. We included children aged 0 to 19 years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in fiscal years 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 (n = 13,238 social housing; n = 174,017 others).

Do primary care physicians coordinate ambulatory care for chronic disease patients in Canada?

Background: Adults with chronic disease are the most frequent users of the primary healthcare system. In Manitoba, patients are allowed to seek ambulatory (outpatient) care from the provider of their choosing (primary care physician or specialist), with referrals to specialists preferred but not always required. Some patients receive their routine care from specialists.

Exploring the relationship between socioeconomic status and dog-bite injuries through spatial analysis.

Introduction: Despite a reported socioeconomic gradient in health, little is known about relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and frequency of dog-bite injuries. The primary objective of this study was to compare the frequency of dog-bite injuries, using data on dog-bite injury hospitalizations (DBIH), across different SES areas in Manitoba, Canada. The secondary objective of the study was to assess if frequency and pattern of DBIHs are similar to those of non-canine bite injury hospitalizations (NCBIH) and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).

Does access to a colorectal cancer screening website and/or a nurse-managed telephone help line provided to patients by their family physician increase fecal occult blood test uptake?: results from a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a patient decision aid (nurse-managed telephone support line and/or colorectal cancer screening website), distributed to patients by their family physician, in improving fecal occult blood test (FOBT) colorectal cancer screening rates.

Methods: A pragmatic, two arm, cluster randomized controlled trial in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (39 medical clinic clusters; 79 fee-for-service family physicians; 2,395 average risk patients). All physicians followed their standard clinical screening practice.

Cause and rate of death in people with schizophrenia across the lifespan: a population-based study in Manitoba, Canada.

Objective: To compare the causes and rates of death for people with and without schizophrenia in Manitoba, Canada.

Method: Using de-identified administrative databases at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, a population-based analysis was performed to compare age- and sex-adjusted 10-year (1999-2008) mortality rates, overall and by specific cause, of decedents aged 10 years or older who had 1 diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM code 295, ICD-10-CA codes F20, F21, F23.2, F25) over a 12-year period (N = 9,038) to the rest of the population (N = 969,090).