Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Nocardia brasiliensis Induced by Progesterone and Dihydrotestosterone Using Differential Display PCR.

Sex steroid hormones have an important physiological role in humans. They can also affect the gene expression of many organisms, including bacteria. In Mexico, Nocardia brasiliensis is the main causative agent of actinomycetoma, a granulomatous disease more frequent in men than women, which is thought to be related to a higher occupational risk in men.

[Esophageal candidiasis in patients from a specialty hospital].

Background: Esophageal candidiasis (EC) is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis. So far, its main risk factor has been HIV infection; in recent years, EC has been favoured by the increasing of diabetes mellitus, wide-spread use of acid-lowering agents, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and inhaled steroids. In Mexico EC has been poorly studied.

[Molecular detection of candida species from hospitalized patient’s specimens].

Objective: To identify the most frequent Candida species in specimens from patients hospitalized in different medical centers of Mexico City, with suspected fungal infection.

Methods: Specimens were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 28°C for 72 h. In addition, DNA was extracted.

[Frequency of invasive fungal infections in a Mexican High-Specialty Hospital. Experience of 21 years].

Background: Factors such as cancer, HIV infection, use of corticosteroids and antibiotics, favors the increase in the number of invasive fungal infections (IFI) worldwide.

Methods: To determine the frequency and epidemiological aspects of IFI at a mexican, a review of the proven cases diagnosed over the past 21 years (1993-2013) in the Laboratory of Medical Mycology was performed.

Results: A total of 472 cases were identified as: 261 candidiasis, 82 mucormycosis, 60 cryptococcosis, 43 aspergillosis and 16 histoplasmosis.

Endophthalmitis of probable endogenous origin caused by Scedosporium boydii: A case report.

Background: Mycotic ocular infections caused by the Scedosporium apiospermum species complex are challenging to treat because of the delayed diagnoses and poor responses to antifungal drugs and surgical treatment.

Case Report: A case of a 69-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2 and prior surgery on the right femur is described. In the 10 days prior to the ophthalmic consultation he started with ocular pain, adding to a previous and progressive loss of visual acuity in his right eye.

[Onychomycosis frequency in psoriatic patients in a tertiary care hospital].

Background: The changes in psoriatic nails can closely resemble an onychomycosis. Therefore, the fungal infection may be underdiagnosed. It was investigated the frequency of mycosis in fingernails and toenails in 150 patients with psoriasis in a dermatology department.

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Mexico: clinical and epidemiological data from 93 new cases (1972-2012).

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic systemic infection in several countries of Latin America. The few registered cases in Mexico most likely do not reflect the real frequency. Disseminate the epidemiological and clinical data of unreported cases of PCM in Mexico from 1972 until 2012 is the aim of this work.

[Update on the epidemiology of mycetoma in Mexico. A review of 3933 cases].

Unlabelled: Mycetoma is one of the most frequent chronic subcutaneous infections in many tropical and subtropical regions.

Objective: To update the epidemiological data of mycetoma cases in Mexico.

Method: A survey in the main mycological diagnosis centers in this country was performed.

[Invasive mycosis, immunocompromise and fever of unknown origin].

Background: fungal invasive infections are frequent in patients with immunosuppression. A common clinical feature is the presence of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in any of its several presentations. The aim of this study was to know the frequency of FUO associated to invasive mycosis in hospitalized patients.

[Onychomycosis-causing yeasts in four Mexican dermatology centers and their antifungal susceptibility to azolic compounds].

Background: Yeasts represent the second cause of nail fungal infection in the world, and Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the two most common species.

Objectives: To determine the yeast species frequency and their in vitro antifungal susceptibility, obtained from patients with clinical features suggestive of onychomycosis.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out in four dermatological care centers in Mexico from 2004 to 2007.

[Mycotic keratitis in an eye care hospital in Mexico City].

Background: Some of the most common precipitating events for keratomycoses (fungal keratitis), include surgical trauma (after cornea transplantation), the use of contaminated contact lenses or alterations in lacrimal secretions. Diagnosis and treatment (to avoid loss of vision) for these type of infections are challenging.

Objective: Retrospective review of the diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology and response to treatment in 219 patients with fungal keratitis in Mexico.

[Candiduria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical significance. Candida spp. antifungal susceptibility].

Background: Candida is frequently seen in urinalysis studies in patients with diabetes mellitus. The objective was to determine the presence and clinical significance of candiduria, and to identify the different isolated Candida species and their in vitro susceptibility pattern to different antifungal agents by means of the broth microdilution method.

Methods: We studied the urine from 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) patients.

[Antifungal resistance: an emerging problem in Mexico].

Background: An increase in mycosis associated with therapeutic failure has been observed worldwide. The dearth of data in Mexico led us to study antifungal resistance.

Material And Methods: Seventy six isolates of patients from the Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social were included: 36 with dermatophytoses and 40 with candidiasis.

Onychomycosis incidence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

The onychomycosis incidence was determined in 250 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who were registered at the Internal Medicine Service from a Mexico city General Hospital throughout a year (January-December 2006). Out of the total of studied T2DM patients, 93 (37.2%) showed ungual dystrophy and from these, in 75.

[Effect of Mexican propolis extracts from Apis mellifera on Candida albicans in vitro growth].

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera) from different trees and bushes. Due to its antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic properties, it has continued to be very popular throughout the time showing variable activity depending on its geographical origin. In Mexico, information about this product is very limited.

[Resistance to azolic compounds in clinical Trichophyton spp. strains].

The increase of dermathophytosis in patients with poor therapeutic response leads us to study the antifungal susceptibility of 36 clinical isolates to itraconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole by the E-test method. According to established parameters by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, the resistance to one or more antifungal drugs was demonstrated in seven isolates (19.4%) as follows: three Trichophyton rubrum, three T.

[Effectiveness of imazalil to control the effect of fungal deterioration on mummies at the Mexico City Museum "El Carmen"].

We present a study on the control and elimination of the fungi affecting the mummies specifically at the museum "El Carmen", in San Angel, Mexico City. Twelve analysed mummies presented an important deterioration attributed to colonizing fungi. The degree of fungal contamination and the efficacy of imazalil were evaluated.

[Antifungal and phagocytic immunostimulation treatment of chronic disseminated dermatophytosis].

A 39 years old man with a long-standing disseminated dermatophytosis even with several antifungal treatments is presented. From lesions, Trichophyton rubrum var. typical downy, T.

[Micosis among five highly underprivileged Mexican communities].

Background: In many small rural communities in Mexico, medical care is deficient, empirical or absent.

Objective: In order to improve health coverage in rural areas, the Mexican Institute of Social Security organizes Medical and Surgical Meetings of various specialties including Dermatology and Mycology (MSDM). These include visits to rural hospitals by dermatologists and a mycologist to care for underprivileged communities.

[Unknown fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis].

Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Mexico. The clinical forms are commonly described as lympho-cutaneous and cutaneous-fixed. The case of a male patient who developed an eritematous plaque with radial growth is reported.

Cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation in patients with Nocardia brasiliensis actinomycetoma.

IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 concentrations in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures and the in vitro proliferation of PBMC were studied in 25 patients with actinomycetoma caused by Nocardia brasiliensis and in 10 healthy controls from endemic zones. Cell cultures were stimulated by a N. brasiliensis crude cytoplasmic antigen (NB) and five semi-purified protein fractions (NB2, NB4, NB6, NB8, and NB10) separated by isoelectric.

[Frequency of mycosis in immunosuppressed patients at a regional hospital of Mexico City].

Objective: To isolate and identify the fungi in specimens collected from immunocompromised patients seen in Mexico City hospital, and to assess their association with mycosis.

Material And Methods: A total of 268 specimens from 108 patients were processed for mycological study, including direct examination, smears, cultures, and microcultures in specific media, in addition to biochemical tests. Most of the patients had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).