Central obesity is detrimental to anti-inflammatory, phenotype, and exhaustion markers in mononuclear cells - A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the role of central obesity on immunometabolic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal weight and overweight/obese young men.

Methods: Eighteen individuals were classified as normal weight (NW; n = 9 - age: 25 ± 5 and BMI: 21.4 ± 1.

Resistance training prevents damage to the mitochondrial function of the skeletal muscle of rats exposed to secondary cigarette smoke.

Aim: To analyze the consumption of oxygen and to quantify the mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins (OXPHOS) in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and/or RT practitioners.

Main Methods: Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (C), Smoker (S), Exercise (E) and Exercise Smoker (ES). Groups F and ES were exposed to the smoke of 4 cigarettes for 30 min, 2× a day, 5× a week, for 16 weeks.

Resistance training mitigates hepato-cardiac changes and muscle mitochondrial protein reductions in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Aim: To investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on hepatocardiovascular and muscle mitochondrial parameters in rats that were fed a high-calorie diet for 12 weeks.

Main Methods: The animals were divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), obese (O), and obese plus exercise (OE). Group E and OE rats performed resistance training by climbing on a vertical ladder with load attached to the end of the tail (1×/day, 3×/week, for 12 weeks).

Resistance training prevents right ventricle hypertrophy in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke.

Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is associated with the development of diverse diseases. Resistance training has been considered one of the most useful tools for patients with pulmonary disease, improving their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) on the prevention of thickening of the right ventricle wall of rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke.

Strength Training Modulates Prostate of Wistar Rats Submitted to High-Fat Diet.

Our aim is to evaluate the effects of high-fat diet and strength training on ventral prostate health through investigations of rat prostate histology, endocrine modulation, and the expression of proliferative and apoptotic marker, including androgen receptors (AR), glucocorticoid receptors (GR), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX), Fas cell surface death receptor (Fas/CD95/Apo-1), and Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB). Eighty Wistar rats were into one of four subgroups: control (CT), strength training (ST), high-fat diet consumption (HF), and high-fat diet consumption with strength training (HFT). Animals then underwent strength training and/or high-fat diet consumption for 8 or 12 weeks, after which animals were euthanized and markers of prostatic health were evaluated histologically and through immunolabeling.

Lack of lymphocytes impairs macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of lymphocytes in wound healing and the underlying mechanisms, in diabetic and non-diabetic mice, using Balb/c recombination activating gene (Rag)-2 and interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL-2Rγ) double knockout (KO) (RAG2 IL-2Rγ) mice.

Main Methods: Wound healing in vivo was performed in control and STZ-induced diabetic mice, in both KO and WT mice. Inflammation and ROS production were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis, antioxidant enzymes and angiogenesis were evaluated by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy analysis, and wound closure kinetics evolution was evaluated by measurement of acetate tracing of the wound area.

Strength training reduces lipid accumulation in liver of obese Wistar rats.

Unlabelled: Obesity has a positive relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and studies have demonstrated that strength training can regulate lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes of obese rats.

Aims: Our aim is to evaluate the effects of high fat diet and strength training on markers of oxidation and lipogenesis in the liver of Wistar rats.

Main Methods: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): control (CTL), strength training (TR), high fat diet consumption (HF) and high fat diet consumption with strength training (HFT).

A Chemiresistor Sensor Based on Azo-Polymer and Graphene for Real-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption.

In the present study, a chemiresistor sensor based on a poly(Bismarck Brown Y)-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite was developed to analyze the respiratory capacity of the constituent complexes of the electron transport chain. The sensorial platform was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and oxygen detection was accomplished by measuring the resistive properties of the sensor at fixed AC frequency. The impedance decreased significantly in response to small variations of the O concentrations tested up to saturation of the electrolyte solution with molecular oxygen.

Advanced glycation end products-induced insulin resistance involves repression of skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression.

Little is known about advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participation in glucose homeostasis, a process in which skeletal muscle glucose transporter GLUT4 (Scl2a4 gene) plays a key role. This study investigated (1) the in vivo and in vitro effects of AGEs on Slc2a4/GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of healthy rats, and (2) the potential involvement of endoplasmic reticulum and inflammatory stress in the observed regulations. For in vivo analysis, rats were treated with advanced glycated rat albumin (AGE-albumin) for 12 weeks; for in vitro analysis, soleus muscles from normal rats were incubated with bovine AGE-albumin for 2.

Intermittent resistance exercise and obesity, considered separately or combined, impair spermatic parameters in adult male Wistar rats.

Obesity and absence of physical exercise are global problems that affect concentration and sperm quality in the male reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of obesity and resistance training, considered separately or in association, on testicular function and reproductive capacity. Twenty pubertal male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C) and exercise (E) groups that received standard rat chow; and obese (O) and obese with exercise (OE) groups that received a high-fat diet.

Palmitate-induced Slc2a4/GLUT4 downregulation in L6 muscle cells: evidence of inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress involvement.

Background: Obesity is strongly associated to insulin resistance, inflammation, and elevated plasma free fatty acids, but the mechanisms behind this association are not fully comprehended. Evidences suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in this complex pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of inflammation and ER stress in the modulation of glucose transporter GLUT4, encoded by Slc2a4 gene, in L6 skeletal muscle cells.

Six-week anaerobic training improves proteolytic profile of diabetic rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of six-week anaerobic training on the mRNA expression of genes related to proteolysis Ubb (Ubiquitin), E2-14kDa, Trim63 (MuRF1 protein) and Nfkb1 in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.

Materials And Methods: Four groups were established: DE (DiabetesExercised), DS (Diabetes Sedentary), CE (Control Exercised) and CS (Control Sedentary). The training consisted of 3 sets of 12 jumps in the liquid mean with load equivalent to 50% of BW for 6 weeks.

Strength gain through eccentric isotonic training without changes in clinical signs or blood markers.

Background: Localized exercises are widely used in rehabilitation processes. The predominant options are exercises with an emphasis on either concentric or eccentric contractions. Eccentric exercises promote greater strength gains compared to classical concentric stimuli, but can cause muscle damage.

Intra-abdominal fat is related to metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fat liver disease in obese youth.

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between adiposity, especially intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and hemodynamic/metabolic comorbidities in adults, however it is not clear in pediatric population. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) with values of intra-abdominal (IAAT) and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissue in obese children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study.

Cigarette smoke exposure severely reduces peripheral insulin sensitivity without changing GLUT4 expression in oxidative muscle of Wistar rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke and running training on a treadmill on the expression of glucose transporter GLUT4 in oxidative soleus muscle of rats.

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were divided into: (C) control, (E) exercise control, (SS), sedentary smoker, and (ES) exercise smoker. Insulin Tolerance Test, Western blotting, and RT-PCR were performed for the evaluation of GLUT4 levels.

[Resistive training reduces inflammation in skeletal muscle and improves the peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese rats induced by hyperlipidic diet].

Objective: To determine if resistive exercise protocol can modulate Tnf-α, SOCS3 and glucose transporter GLUT4 genes expression in skeletal muscle, and peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese rats induced by hyperlipidic diet.

Materials And Methods: Wistar obese rats induced by hyperlipidic diet were subjected a resistive exercise protocol as jump squat. Insulin sensitivity and mRNA content of Tnf-α, SOCS3 and GLUT4 were assayed and compared among the groups: obese sedentary (OS) and exercised (OE), control sedentary (CS) and exercised (CE).

[Effect of cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation of rats and the offspring on the serum and morphometric parameters].

Purpose: to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on body and tissue weight gain, serum parameters and milk yield during pregnancy and lactation in rats, and the impact on offspring from birth toil young adulthood.

Methods: 40 Wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided into: CG - not exposed to cigarette smoke and sacrificed at the end of pregnancy; CL - not exposed to cigarette smoke and sacrificed at the end of lactation; FG - exposed to cigarette smoke and sacrificed at the end of pregnancy; FL - exposed to cigarette smoke and sacrificed at the end of lactation. The offspring were separated by gender and divided according to their mothers' groups.

Beta-adrenergic activity preserves GLUT4 protein in glycolytic fibers in fasting.

Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in adipose tissue decreases during fasting. In skeletal muscle, we hypothesized that GLUT4 expression might be maintained in a beta-adrenergic-dependent way to ensure energy disposal for contractile function. Herein we investigate beta-blockade or beta-stimulation effects on GLUT4 expression in oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] muscles of fasted rats.

Age related obesity-induced shortening of GLUT4 mRNA poly(A) tail length in rat gastrocnemius skeletal muscle.

Obese insulin resistant animals and humans have shown reduced GLUT4 gene expression. Yet, in skeletal muscle, discrepancy between mRNA and protein regulation has been frequently observed, suggesting a post-transcriptional modulation. We investigated the GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue and muscle of obese 12-month-old (12-mo) rats, comparing with lean 2-month-old (2-mo) animals.

[Glucose transporters in the metabolic syndrome].

Intra- and extra-cellular glucose homeostasis is directly related to gene expression control of different isoforms, which encode different glucose transporters, being tissue-specifically expressed, as a consequence of transcriptional factors activity of each gene, in each cellular type. The metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a wide range of physiopathological abnormalities, all involved in systemic changes, which occur in different territories of the body, where glucose transporters changes are observed in diverse degrees. The present review will describe the glucose transporters expression changes clearly shown in literature, which reflexes in glucose flow, and can facilitate the MS physiopathological understanding, as well as possible treatments for the syndrome.

Acute and short-term insulin-induced molecular adaptations of GLUT2 gene expression in the renal cortex of diabetic rats.

Increased GLUT2 gene expression in the renal proximal tubule of diabetic rats is an adaptive condition, which may be important in the diabetic nephropathy development. We investigated the effects of insulin treatment upon the renal GLUT2 overexpression of diabetic rats. Acute treatment, surprisingly, induced a rapid further increase in GLUT2 mRNA content.

Calorie restriction reduces pinealectomy-induced insulin resistance by improving GLUT4 gene expression and its translocation to the plasma membrane.

The present study aimed to investigate insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 expression protein in pinealectomized rats, as well as to determining the effects of melatonin and calorie restriction on the changes induced by pinealectomy. Wistar rats were pinealectomized (Pinx) or sham operated (Sham), and studied 30 days later. Melatonin replacement treatment (50 g/100 g body weight) was continued for 30 days after pinealectomy.