The effect of dietary prebiotics and probiotics on body weight, large intestine indices, and fecal bile acid profile in wild type and IL10-/- mice.

Previous studies have suggested roles of probiotics and prebiotics on body weight management and intestinal function. Here, the effects of a dietary prebiotic, inulin (50 mg/g diet), and probiotic, Bfidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12) (final dose verified at 10(5) colony forming unit (cfu)/g diet, comparable to human consumption), were determined separately and in combination in mice using cellulose-based AIN-93G diets under conditions allowed for the growth of commensal bacteria.

Loss of IL-10 decreases mouse postpubertal mammary gland development in the absence of inflammation.

IL-10 is a pleiotrophic anti-inflammatory cytokine. Decreased IL-10 expression is associated with an increased breast cancer risk but the mechanism is not clear. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the loss of IL-10 alters mammary development, even in the absence of inflammation.

RNA-protein complexes that form in the spinach chloroplast atpI 5' untranslated region can be divided into two subcomplexes, each comprised of unique cis-elements and trans-factors.

Control of gene expression in chloroplasts is critically dependent upon post-transcriptional mechanisms, most of which require formation of RNA-protein complexes. The 5' untranslated regions (5'UTRs) of chloroplast mRNAs have been shown to affect stability and/or translation of the message. These effects are mediated by the binding of specific protein(s) to the 5'UTR.

Proteins are shared among RNA-protein complexes that form in the 5' untranslated regions of spinach chloroplast mRNAs.

Gene expression in chloroplasts is strongly regulated at the post-transcriptional level. Most post-transcriptional mechanisms require RNA-protein complexes. Here we report an analysis of RNA-protein complexes that form in the 5' untranslated regions (5'UTRs) of spinach chloroplast mRNAs.