Neglect and adolescent internalizing mental health: Testing competing longitudinal hypotheses.

Neglect remains understudied compared to other forms of maltreatment. While studies have shown that neglect has negative effects on mental health in adolescence, yet unresolved is whether these impacts result from critical period or cumulative effects. In the present article, we use a novel approach to compare these two hypotheses from the impact of two types of neglect, failure to provide (FTP) and lack of supervision (LOS), on adolescent depression and internalizing symptoms.

Systematic Review of the Impacts of U.S. Social Safety Nets on Child Maltreatment.

Introduction: Children living in poverty are at an increased risk for maltreatment. Social safety net (SSN) programs with antipoverty objectives may reduce child maltreatment through pathways such as reduced food insecurity, lessened caregiver stress, and improved caregiving behaviors and ability to meet children's basic needs. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of evidence on the ability of SSN programs to reduce child maltreatment in the United States (U.

Protective Factors Against Aggression and Antisocial Attitudes Among Probation Youth with Childhood Adversity Histories.

Childhood adversity is linked to adolescent aggression and antisocial attitudes, which are common predictors of delinquency and violence. Early interruption of these negative trajectories is important for preventing serious criminality. Efforts to bolster protective factors such as social-emotional skills and positive relationships may attenuate this link, but research is needed to clarify salient factors for court-involved youth.

The school-to-prison pipeline for probation youth with special education needs.

Juvenile justice-involved youth with special education eligibility may have distinct needs from other justice-involved youth that place them at higher risk of re-offending. This study examines the extent to which the comorbidity of risk factors, such as school challenges and mental and emotional health problems, is related to recidivism among probation youth with a diagnosis eligible for special education. Data came from the Washington State Juvenile Court Assessment provided to 4,317 youth adjudicated to probation for at least 3 months.

School Engagement Among Youth Entering Probation.

Strong school engagement is crucial for school success among adolescents and particularly important for reducing recidivism. Yet, little is known about school engagement among youth serving probation while attending community schools. This study tested the multivariate associations between risk and promotive factors with three components of school engagement (behavioral, cognitive, and emotional).

A longitudinal examination of African American adolescent females detained for status offense.

Introduction: Behaviors like truancy, running away, curfew violation, and alcohol possession fall under the status offense category and can have serious consequences for adolescents. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency and Prevention Act prohibited detaining status offenders. We explored the degree to which African American adolescent girls were being detained for status offenses and the connections to their behavioral health risks and re-confinement.

Adversity profiles among court-involved youth: Translating system data into trauma-responsive programming.

Background: Court-involved youth have high levels of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can impact functioning in adolescence and throughout adulthood. Yet there is limited research to help clinicians translate these histories into trauma-responsive programming guidelines.

Objective: This manuscript utilizes data that is routinely collected to inform practitioners about how to utilize trauma histories to inform program and practice decisions.

Understanding the ecological context of mental, emotional, and behavioral health problems: A person-centered approach.

Aims: The social/environmental context of youth is important for mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) health. This study used person-oriented methods to examine the influences of family, neighborhood, and poverty on late adolescent MEB outcomes.

Methods: Latent class analysis was used to discern significant clusters of at-risk, diverse young men (N = 625) based on contextual factors; differences in MEB outcomes were examined.

A Paradigm Shift in Batterer Intervention Programming: A Need to Address Unresolved Trauma.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem affecting women, men, and children across the United States. Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) serve as the primary intervention for men who use violence, employing three primary modalities: psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and other forms of group therapy such as alcohol or drug treatment. However, research indicates that program effectiveness of the primary BIP modalities is limited, due, in part, to the theoretical underpinnings guiding intervention such as learned behavior (psychoeducation), patriarchy as the root cause (Duluth model), and "dysfunctional" thinking (CBT).

Childhood Adversity among Court-Involved Youth: Heterogeneous Needs for Prevention and Treatment.

Although experiences of trauma and adversity are highly prevalent among juvenile justice-involved youth, few studies examine the heterogeneity of these histories across individuals. This study seeks to inform practitioners regarding the distinct patterns of adversity among this vulnerable population, using an expanded measure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). We employed Latent Class Analysis to test for meaningful subgroups of youth based on histories of childhood adversity.

Stress pathways to health inequalities: Embedding ACEs within social and behavioral contexts.

Objective: This study addresses whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) demonstrate disproportional prevalence across demographic- and health-affecting characteristics, offer significant explanation of adult health outcomes, and show patterned association with illness susceptibility early within and across adulthood when viewed in combination with income and psychosocial resources.

Methods: Data were derived from a population-based state health survey using stratified random sampling of household adults (n=7,470): ages 18-99 (M=55), 59.9% females, and race/ethnicity, income and education levels representative of the region.

Life Course Associations between Victimization and Aggression: Distinctive and Cumulative Contributions.

The connections between early maltreatment and later aggression are well established in the literature, however gaps remain in our understanding of developmental processes. This study investigates the cascading life course linkages between victimization experiences from childhood through early adulthood and later aggressive behavior. The diverse, at-risk sample is of particular importance to child and adolescent specialists, as it represents highly vulnerable youth accessible through conventional school settings.

Life Course Associations between Victimization and Aggression: Distinct and Cumulative Contributions.

The connections between early maltreatment and later aggression are well established in the literature, however gaps remain in our understanding of developmental processes. This study investigates the cascading lifecourse linkages between victimization experiences from childhood through early adulthood andlater aggressive behavior. The diverse, at-risk sample is of particular importance to child and adolescent specialists, as it represents highly vulnerable youth accessible through conventional school settings.

Chronic neglect and aggression/delinquency: A longitudinal examination.

Neglect is the most common form of maltreatment in the United States, yet its impact on development remains understudied, especially for chronic neglect. Chronic neglect is also one of the most costly burdens on child welfare systems. This study examines the effects of chronic neglect, including two subtypes (Failure to Provide and Lack of Supervision) on adolescent aggression and delinquency using a diverse longitudinal sample of youth.

Life course pathways of adverse childhood experiences toward adult psychological well-being: A stress process analysis.

Growing evidence suggests that toxic stressors early in life not only convey developmental impacts but also augment risk of proliferating chains of additional stressors that can overwhelm individual coping and undermine recovery and health. Examining trauma within a life course stress process perspective, we posit that early childhood adversity carries a unique capacity to impair adult psychological well-being both independent of and cumulative with other contributors, including social disadvantage and stressful adult experiences. This study uses data from a representative population-based health survey (N=13,593) to provide one of the first multivariate assessments of unique, cumulative, and moderated effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) toward explaining 3 related yet distinct measures of adult mental health: perceived well-being, psychological distress, and impaired daily activities.

Distinct contributions of adverse childhood experiences and resilience resources: a cohort analysis of adult physical and mental health.

Although evidence is rapidly amassing as to the damaging potential of early life adversities on physical and mental health, as yet few investigations provide comparative snapshots of these patterns across adulthood. This population-based study addresses this gap, examining the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to physical and mental health within a representative sample (n = 19,333) of adults, comparing the prevalence and explanatory strength of ACEs among four birth cohorts spanning ages 18-79. This assessment accounts for demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as both direct and moderating effects of resilience resources (social/emotional support, life satisfaction, and sleep quality).

The sustained impact of adolescent violence histories on early adulthood outcomes.

A history of victimization and violence perpetration are well-established risk factors that hamper positive development in early adulthood, yet their separate and overlapping effects are rarely examined simultaneously, confounding understanding of their relative impacts. This study follows a diverse sample of at-risk adolescents (=570) into early adulthood, comparing roles and resources, stress and distress, and maladaptive behaviors for those with a history of no violence, victimization only, perpetration only, and both perpetration and victimization. Results demonstrate four distinctive profiles, although all violence-exposed youth report more problems in the three assessed domains relative to those with no violence histories.

Young men's use of aggressive tactics to avoid condom use: A test of a theoretical model.

Although research has demonstrated that men's aggression against women and inconsistent condom use are related phenomena, it is little is known as to what factors increase risk for aggression to avoid condom use. The present article tests a theory-based model of condom avoidance through sexual aggression. Adult male participants (N=289) were recruited nationally through online advertisements.

Distinct Stress and Resource Profiles Among At-Risk Adolescents: Implications for Violence and Other Problem Behaviors.

This study tests for the presence of subgroups among youth at-risk for school drop-out and whether those groups differ on levels of violence and related problem behaviors. Latent profile analysis was employed with a diverse adolescent sample ( = 849) to identify and describe subgroups based on assessment of stress and coping resources, resulting in four distinct groups: Low Risk, Unprotected, Risk Only, and High Risk. Tests across these groups demonstrated significant heterogeneity in violent behaviors, substance use, and school disengagement.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) within a social disadvantage framework: distinguishing unique, cumulative, and moderated contributions to adult mental health.

The deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) may be confounded with frequently co-occurring social disadvantage. In this analysis we test the effects of ACE on adult mental health within a social disadvantage framework, using a population-based survey (n = 7,444; mean age = 55.2 years) from Washington State.

EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND CHILDHOOD EMOTIONAL ABUSE: Childhood Domestic Violence Exposure among a Community Sample of Adult Perpetrators: What Mediates the Connection?

The association between childhood exposure to domestic violence and later intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in adulthood has been well established in the literature. However, the literature examining the factors of exposure that contribute to perpetration in adulthood is fraught with mixed findings, with some studies finding a direct link between childhood domestic violence exposure and later IPV perpetration and others ruling out a link after controlling for other contextual barriers such as community violence and socioeconomic status. This study examined 124 non-treatment-seeking and unadjudicated adult male IPV perpetrators and found exposure to domestic violence in childhood contributes to the normalization of violence, which could predict future adult IPV perpetration.

Mediators of adverse birth outcomes among socially disadvantaged women.

Background: Numerous studies find that socially disadvantaged women are more likely than socially advantaged women to deliver infants that weigh less than normal and/or are born weeks prior to their due date. However, little is known about the pathways that link maternal social disadvantage to birth outcomes. Using data from a prospective cohort study, we examined whether antenatal psychosocial stress, substance use, and maternal health conditions in pregnancy mediated the pathway between maternal social disadvantage and birth outcomes.