Disruption of cell wall and membrane integrity as antioomycete and antifungal mode of action by fusaric and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acids from endophytic fungus Fusarium lactis strain SME13-2.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the mode of action of fusaric and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acids on cell respiration by measuring the hyphal oxygen consumption rate, and the effects on cell membrane integrity by determining the electrical conductivity of the mycelium.

Methods And Results: Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the active culture medium and mycelium organic extracts from the Fusarium lactis strain SME13-2 isolated from Sapium macrocarpum, led to the isolation of two known alkylpicolinic acid derivatives: fusaric acid and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid, along with the known polyketide bikaverin. Fusaric acid and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acid exhibited antioomycete and antifungal activities, significantly inhibiting the radial growth of Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum.

Draft genomes of four isolates retrieved from the elaboration process of henequen () mezcal.

We report the draft genomes of four isolates obtained from the elaboration process of henequen () mezcal, a Mexican alcoholic beverage. The average nucleotide identity analysis revealed that isolates derived from agave plants are distinct from those from other environments, including agave fermentations.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Isolates Obtained from the Elaboration Process of Two Traditional Mexican Alcoholic Beverages Derived from Agave: Pulque and Henequen () Mezcal.

Seven isolates from the elaboration process of pulque and henequen mezcal were characterized. The isolates were identified based on the sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-5.8S) region.

Biotransformation of Chromium (VI) via a Reductant Activity from the Fungal Strain .

Industrial effluents from chromium-based products lead to chromium pollution in the environment. Several technologies have been employed for the removal of chromium (Cr) from the environment, including adsorption, ion-exchange, bioremediation, etc. In this study, we isolated a Cr (VI)-resistant fungus, from contaminated soil, which could reduce chromium.

Traditional Fermented Beverages of Mexico: A Biocultural Unseen Foodscape.

Mexico is one of the main regions of the world where the domestication of numerous edible plant species originated. Its cuisine is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and ferments are important components but have been poorly studied. Traditional fermented foods are still diverse, but some are endangered, requiring actions to promote their preservation.

Traditional management of microorganisms in fermented beverages from cactus fruits in Mexico: an ethnobiological approach.

Background: Fermentation is an ancient technique for preserving and improving the qualities of food and beverages throughout the world. Microbial communities, not seen by the producers of fermented goods, are the actors involved in the fermentation process and are selected upon through different management processes in order to achieve a final product with culturally accepted features. This study documented the preparation of "colonche" which is a type of traditionally fermented beverages made with the fruits from several cactus species in two main producing regions of Mexico, the Altiplano and the Tehuacán Valley.

Consolidated Bioprocess for Bioethanol Production from Raw Flour of Seeds Using the Native Strain of Bm-2.

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which integrates biological pretreatment, enzyme production, saccharification, and fermentation, is a promising operational strategy for cost-effective ethanol production from biomass. In this study, the use of a native strain of (Bm-2) was evaluated for bioethanol production from in a CBP. The raw seed flour obtained from the ramon tree contained 61% of starch, indicating its potential as a raw material for bioethanol production.

Volatile organic compounds from Hypoxylon anthochroum endophytic strains as postharvest mycofumigation alternative for cherry tomatoes.

The antifungal activity and chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by four Hypoxylon anthochroum endophytic strains were analyzed. The bioactivity of the VOCs synthesized at different periods of incubation on rice medium was assessed, both in vivo and in vitro, against the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum. The in vivo effect was evaluated on cherry tomatoes, while the mechanism of action was determined in vitro analyzing the phytopathogen's growth, respiration and cell membrane permeability.

Phytotoxic Potential of Secondary Metabolites and Semisynthetic Compounds from Endophytic Fungus Xylaria feejeensis Strain SM3e-1b Isolated from Sapium macrocarpum.

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the combined culture medium and mycelium extract of the endophytic fungus Xylaria feejeensis strain SM3e-1b, isolated from Sapium macrocarpum, led to the isolation of three known natural products: (4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-5,6-epoxycyclohex-2-enone or coriloxine, 1; 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, 2; and 2,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione or fumiquinone B, 3. This is the first report of compound 3 being isolated from this species. Additionally, four new derivatives of coriloxine were prepared: (4R,5S,6R)-6-chloro-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylcyclohex-2-enone, 4; 6-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(methylamino)cyclohexa-2,5- diene-1,4-dione, 5; (4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-6-(phenylamino)cyclohex-2-enone, 6; and 2-((4-butylphenyl)amino)-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, 7.

Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds from the Endophyte Nodulisporium sp. Strain GS4d2II1a: a Qualitative Change in the Intraspecific and Interspecific Interactions with Pythium aphanidermatum.

This study demonstrates volatile organic compounds (VOCs) production as one of the defense mechanisms of the antagonistic endophyte Nodulisporium sp. GS4d2II1a, and the volatile changes in two times of the fungal growth; and, as result of its intra and interspecific interactions with the plant pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum. The antifungal activity of the volatile and diffusible metabolites was evaluated by means of three types of antagonism bioassays and by organic extract agar dilution.

Genetic diversity of Clavispora lusitaniae isolated from Agave fourcroydes Lem, as revealed by DNA fingerprinting.

This study characterized Clavispora lusitaniae strains isolated from different stages of the processing and early fermentation of a henequen (Agave fourcroydes) spirit produced in Yucatan, Mexico using a molecular technique. Sixteen strains identified based on morphological features, obtained from different substrates, were typed molecularly. Nine different versions of the divergent D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequence were identified among the C.

Yeasts associated with the production of Mexican alcoholic nondistilled and distilled Agave beverages.

The great variety of agaves and their multiple uses have played an important role in the cultural identification of Mexico. They have been exploited in many ways for over 10,000 years, and one of these applications is the production of alcoholic nondistilled and distilled beverages. Most of the production processes of these Mexican beverages involve a complex fermentation in which bacteria (mainly lactic and acetic acid) and yeasts (non-Saccharomyces and Saccharomyces) are present in stable mixed populations, or succeeding one another, and have a significant impact on the sensorial characteristics and nutritive value of the final product.