A review of amphetamine extended release once-daily options for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Introduction: Amphetamine preparations are one of the two categories of stimulant medications approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Optimal treatment of ADHD aims to reduce core symptoms for as much of the waking hours as possible, leading to longer-acting delivery formats. In addition, the pediatric population commonly has difficulty swallowing pills and manufacturers have developed a variety of options to facilitate this concern.

Down syndrome patients with pulmonary hypertension have elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine.

Down syndrome (DS) patients have an increased risk of developing pulmonary hypertension (PH). Increased plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) may contribute to vascular dysfunction in adults with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that DS patients with PH have higher plasma levels of ADMA than DS patients without PH.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms associated with abnormal nitric oxide production are not over-represented in children with Down syndrome.

Objective: Down syndrome patients are at increased risk for developing pulmonary hypertension (PHTN). Nitric oxide (NO) is an important factor for pulmonary vasoreactivity. Various endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms have been shown to affect NO.

Acute and long-term safety and tolerability of risperidone in children with autism.

Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were monitored during an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone (0.5-3.5 mg/day) in 101 children and adolescents with a lifetime diagnosis of autistic disorder.

Epidemiology and etiology of autistic spectrum disorders difficult to determine.

The epidemiology of the autistic spectrum disorders is changing. A clear increase in prevalence has been noted during the past 2 decades. What is less clear is the cause for this increase.