When Perfect Is the Enemy of Good: Results of a RAND Appropriateness Panel on Treat to Target in Asymptomatic Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: A treat-to-target strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recommends iterative treatment adjustments to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission. In asymptomatic patients with ongoing endoscopic activity, the risk/benefit balance of this approach is unclear, particularly with prior exposure to advanced therapies.

Methods: Using the RAND/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, 9 IBD specialists rated appropriateness of changing therapy in 126 scenarios of asymptomatic patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and active endoscopic disease.

Crohn's disease shared decision making intervention leads to more patients choosing combination therapy: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Crohn's disease requires effective patient-clinician communication for successful illness and medication management. Shared decision making (SDM) has been suggested to improve communication around early intensive therapy. However, effective evidence-based SDM interventions for Crohn's disease are lacking, and the impact of SDM on Crohn's disease decision making and choice of therapy is unclear.

Medical marijuana for inflammatory bowel disease: the highs and lows.

Increased interest in cannabis as a potential treatment and/or adjuvant therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been driven by patients with refractory disease seeking relief as well those who desire alternatives to conventional therapies. Available data have shown a potential role of cannabis as a supportive medication, particularly in pain reduction; however, it remains unknown whether cannabis has any impact on the underlying inflammatory process of IBD. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the available literature concerning the use of cannabis for the treatment of IBD and highlight potential areas for future study.

Appropriate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biologic Agents for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background & Aims: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is widely available for biologic therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We reviewed current data and provided expert opinion regarding the clinical utility of TDM for biologic therapies in IBD.

Methods: We used a modified Delphi method to establish consensus.

Appropriateness of Combination Therapy for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: One Size Still Does Not Fit All.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that therapies targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and α₄β₇ integrin are effective when given as monotherapy in inducing and/or maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), but data from RCTs are less clear on whether concomitant immunomodulator (IM) therapy confers additional benefit. In CD, RCT data are mixed, as are results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, showing no benefit overall, minimal benefit with individual agents, and comparative benefit over some monotherapies but not others. For example, concomitant azathioprine with infliximab is more effective than either drug alone in patients with CD naive to both drugs, but whether combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy with infliximab in nonnaive patients, or with other approved biologic drugs in any population, remains unknown.

aortitis with synchronous ascending colon and rectal adenocarcinoma.

() aortitis is a rare condition frequently associated with colon adenocarcinoma and carries a poor prognosis. We report the case of a 66-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, blood in the stool, fever and chills. Laboratory tests were significant for leukocytosis and microcytic anemia.

Appropriateness of Testing for Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agent and Antibody Concentrations, and Interpretation of Results.

Background & Aims: The availability of tests for blood concentrations of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and antibodies against these drugs could improve dose selection for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is little consensus on when to test and how to interpret test results. We used the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to determine when these tests are appropriate and how to clinically interpret their results.

Recommendations for Quality Colonoscopy Reporting for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from a RAND Appropriateness Panel.

Background: Consensus on what constitutes a quality colonoscopy report for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is lacking. We developed a template for quality colonoscopy reporting that can be used broadly by endoscopists.

Methods: After a literature review of topics relevant to colonoscopy reporting, members of the Building Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Globally (BRIDGe) group and 2 external experts proposed candidate reporting elements.

Effects of Concomitant Immunomodulator Therapy on Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy for Crohn's Disease: A Meta-analysis of Placebo-controlled Trials.

Background & Aims: There is debate over whether patients with Crohn's disease who start anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy after failed immunomodulator therapy should continue to receive concomitant immunomodulators. We conducted a meta-analysis of subgroups from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of anti-TNF agents to compare the efficacy and safety of concomitant immunomodulator therapy vs anti-TNF monotherapy.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of literature published from 1980 through 2008 and identified 11 RCTs of anti-TNF agents in patients with luminal or fistulizing Crohn's disease.

The appropriateness of concomitant immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents for Crohn's disease: one size does not fit all.

Background & Aims: There is no consensus on the appropriateness of concomitant immunomodulators with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy for Crohn's disease. Some patients benefit from concomitant immunomodulators, but concerns related to infections and lymphoma risk have dampened enthusiasm for this approach. We applied the RAND/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method toward establishing appropriateness of concomitant immunomodulators and anti-TNF therapies for Crohn's disease.

Current Controversies in Crohn's Disease: A Roundtable Discussion of the BRIDGe Group.

In March 2008, a roundtable discussion was convened by the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) specialist panel the BRIDGe (Building Resources and Research in IBD Globally) group, which consists of junior faculty gastroenterologists who have undergone advanced fellowship training at IBD referral centers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. An agenda was formulated to discuss three current controversies in Crohn's disease management: the role of 5-aminosalicylates, the use of biologic combination therapy versus monotherapy, and the use of step-up therapy versus top-down therapy for Crohn's disease. The aim of the meeting was three-fold: to review the data pertaining to each topic; to collect opinions from the participants as to their analysis of the literature and their current practice; and, where possible, to formulate recommendations of current best practice given the available evidence.

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a review of medical therapy.

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. While a cure remains elusive, both can be treated with medications that induce and maintain remission. With the recent advent of therapies that inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha the overlap in medical therapies for UC and CD has become greater.

Pharmacologically mediated colon ischemia.

Colon ischemia (CI) is the most common form of ischemic injury of the gastrointestinal tract. Determining the precise incidence of CI is a challenging task, because of its often brief, mild nature, and frequent spontaneous resolution, as well as its misdiagnosis as other diseases. While many underlying disease conditions may predispose patients to CI, an important and possibly overlooked etiology is that of pharmacologically induced alterations of colonic blood flow.

General principles and pharmacology of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease.

The pharmacology of each biologic agent is important regarding the dose required to achieve benefits, duration of therapeutic effect, and the induction of immunogenicity. Comprehension of the individual pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, in addition to the impact of concomitant immunomodulation on immunogenicity allows optimization of each biologic agent in the appropriate inductive or maintenance setting of IBD.