UV-induced reactive oxygen species and transcriptional control of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin biosynthesis in black sorghum pericarp.

Black pericarp sorghum has notable value due to the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DOAs), a rare class of bioactive polyphenols valued as antioxidant food additives and as bioactive compounds with cytotoxicity to human cancer cells. A metabolic and transcriptomic study was conducted to ascertain the cellular events leading to the activation of 3-DOA biosynthesis in black sorghum pericarp. Prolonged exposure of pericarp during grain maturation to high-fluence ultraviolet (UV) light resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of 3-DOA biosynthesis in pericarp tissues.

Genetic dissection of stem and leaf rachis prickles in diploid rose using a pedigree-based QTL analysis.

Introduction: Prickles are often deemed undesirable traits in many crops, including roses ( sp.), and there is demand for rose cultivars with no or very few prickles. This study aims to identify new and/or validate reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with stem and leaf rachis prickle density, characterize the effects of functional haplotypes for major QTLs, and identify the sources of QTL-alleles associated with increased/decreased prickle density in roses.

Evaluating and Predicting the Performance of Sorghum Lines in an Elite by Exotic Backcross-Nested Association Mapping Population.

Maintaining or introducing genetic diversity into plant breeding programs is necessary for continual genetic gain; however, diversity at the cost of reduced performance is not something sought by breeders. To this end, backcross-nested association mapping (BC-NAM) populations, in which the recurrent parent is an elite line, can be employed as a strategy to introgress diversity from unadapted accessions while maintaining agronomic performance. This study evaluates (i) the hybrid performance of sorghum lines from 18 BC-NAM families and (ii) the potential of genomic prediction to screen lines from BC-NAM families for hybrid performance prior to phenotypic evaluation.

Pedigree-based QTL analysis of flower size traits in two multi-parental diploid rose populations.

Rose ( spp.) is one of the most economically important ornamental species worldwide. Flower diameter, flower weight, and the number of petals and petaloids are key flower-size parameters and attractive targets for DNA-informed breeding.

QTL discovery for resistance to black spot and cercospora leaf spot, and defoliation in two interconnected F1 bi-parental tetraploid garden rose populations.

Garden roses are an economically important horticultural crop worldwide, and two major fungal pathogens, black spot ( F.A. Wolf) and cercospora leaf spot of rose ( Pass.

QTL mapping and characterization of black spot disease resistance using two multi-parental diploid rose populations.

Black spot disease (BSD) () is the most common and damaging fungal disease in garden roses (.). Although qualitative resistance to BSD has been extensively investigated, the research on quantitative resistance lags behind.

Evaluating Introgression Sorghum Germplasm Selected at the Population Level While Exploring Genomic Resources as a Screening Method.

To exploit the novel genetic diversity residing in tropical sorghum germplasm, an expansive backcross nested-association mapping (BC-NAM) resource was developed in which novel genetic diversity was introgressed into elite inbreds. A major limitation of exploiting this type of genetic resource in hybrid improvement programs is the required evaluation in hybrid combination of the vast number of BC-NAM populations and lines. To address this, the utility of genomic information was evaluated to predict the hybrid performance of BC-NAM populations.

Pedigree-based analysis in multi-parental diploid rose populations reveals QTLs for cercospora leaf spot disease resistance.

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) () is a major fungal disease of roses ( sp.) in the southeastern U.S.

Genetic modification of PIN genes induces causal mechanisms of stay-green drought adaptation phenotype.

The stay-green trait is recognized as a key drought adaptation mechanism in cereals worldwide. Stay-green sorghum plants exhibit delayed senescence of leaves and stems, leading to prolonged growth, a reduced risk of lodging, and higher grain yield under end-of-season drought stress. More than 45 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with stay-green have been identified, including two major QTL (Stg1 and Stg2).

Rose Rosette Disease Resistance Loci Detected in Two Interconnected Tetraploid Garden Rose Populations.

Rose rosette disease (RRD), caused by the (RRV), is a major threat to the garden rose industry in the United States. There has been limited work on the genetics of host plant resistance to RRV. Two interconnected tetraploid garden rose F biparental mapping populations were created to develop high-quality tetraploid rose linkage maps that allowed the discovery of RRD resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on linkage groups (LGs) 5, 6, and 7.

Identification of QTLs for Reduced Susceptibility to Rose Rosette Disease in Diploid Roses.

Resistance to rose rosette disease (RRD), a fatal disease of roses ( spp.), is a high priority for rose breeding. As RRD resistance is time-consuming to phenotype, the identification of genetic markers for resistance could expedite breeding efforts.

Ethylene Response Factor109 Attunes Immunity, Photosynthesis, and Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Leaves.

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient element for all organisms including plants. Chlorosis of young leaves is a common symptom of Fe deficiency, reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis, and, ultimately, crop yield. Previous research revealed strong responsiveness of the putative key transcription factor to the Fe regime.

Genetic control of source-sink relationships in grain sorghum.

QTL hotspots identified for selected source-sink-related traits provide the opportunity for pyramiding favorable alleles for improving sorghum productivity under diverse environments. A sorghum bi-parental mapping population was evaluated under six different environments at Hays and Manhattan, Kansas, USA, in 2016 and 2017, to identify genomic regions controlling source-sink relationships. The population consisted of 210 recombinant inbred lines developed from US elite post-flowering drought susceptible (RTx430) and a known post-flowering drought tolerant cultivar (SC35).

Assessing combining abilities, genomic data, and genotype × environment interactions to predict hybrid grain sorghum performance.

Genomic selection in maize (Zea mays L.) has been one factor that has increased the rate of genetic gain when compared with other cereals. However, the technological foundations in maize also exist in other cereal crops that would allow prediction of hybrid performance based on general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities applied through genomic-enabled prediction models.

Four chromosome scale genomes and a pan-genome annotation to accelerate pecan tree breeding.

Genome-enabled biotechnologies have the potential to accelerate breeding efforts in long-lived perennial crop species. Despite the transformative potential of molecular tools in pecan and other outcrossing tree species, highly heterozygous genomes, significant presence-absence gene content variation, and histories of interspecific hybridization have constrained breeding efforts. To overcome these challenges, here, we present diploid genome assemblies and annotations of four outbred pecan genotypes, including a PacBio HiFi chromosome-scale assembly of both haplotypes of the 'Pawnee' cultivar.

Elevated Temperatures Impose Transcriptional Constraints and Elicit Intraspecific Differences Between Coffee Genotypes.

The projected impact of global warming on coffee production may require the heat-adapted genotypes in the next decades. To identify cellular strategies in response to warmer temperatures, we compared the effect of elevated temperature on two commercial L. genotypes exploring leaf physiology, transcriptome, and carbohydrate/protein composition.

Phenotypic, Phytochemical, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Black Sorghum L. Pericarp in Response to Light Quality.

Black sorghum [ (L.) Moench] is characterized by the black appearance of the pericarp and production of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DOA), which are valued for their cytotoxicity to cancer cells and as natural food colorants and antioxidant additives. The black pericarp phenotype is not fully penetrant in all environments, which implicates the light spectrum and/or photoperiod as the critical factor for trait expression.

A single polyploidization event at the origin of the tetraploid genome of Coffea arabica is responsible for the extremely low genetic variation in wild and cultivated germplasm.

The genome of the allotetraploid species Coffea arabica L. was sequenced to assemble independently the two component subgenomes (putatively deriving from C. canephora and C.

Four Parent Maize (FPM) Population: Effects of Mating Designs on Linkage Disequilibrium and Mapping Quantitative Traits.

Multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations can provide improved genetic mapping resolution by increasing allelic diversity and effective recombination. The Four Parent Maize (FPM; L.) population implemented five different mating designs used in MAGIC and bi-parental populations to compare empirical effects on genetic resolution and power of quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection; the combined population here comprised of 1149 individuals with 118,509 genetic markers.

Genotyping-by-sequencing application on diploid rose and a resulting high-density SNP-based consensus map.

Roses, which have been cultivated for at least 5000 years, are one of the most important ornamental crops in the world. Because of the interspecific nature and high heterozygosity in commercial roses, the genetic resources available for rose are limited. To effectively identify markers associated with QTL controlling important traits, such as disease resistance, abundant markers along the genome and careful phenotyping are required.

Rust and Thinning Management Effect on Cup Quality and Plant Performance for Two Cultivars of Coffea arabica L.

Beverage quality is a complex attribute of coffee ( Coffea arabica L.). Genotype (G), environment (E), management (M), postharvest processing, and roasting are all involved.

DNA methylation and gene expression regulation associated with vascularization in Sorghum bicolor.

Plant secondary cell walls constitute the majority of plant biomass. They are predominantly found in xylem cells, which are derived from vascular initials during vascularization. Little is known about these processes in grass species despite their emerging importance as biomass feedstocks.

'Jones hybrid' hickory: a case study in curation.

'Jones Hybrid' hickory is an accession in the National Collection of Genetic Resources for Pecans and Hickories for which information about origin, identity and characteristics is very incomplete. Phenotypic and genetic profiles, when examined in the context of historic literature, provide evidence that the accession in question is 'Siers' a cultivar of  ×  (an interspecific hybrid between and ). The accession has traits that make it interesting in the pecan breeding program, with potential for both rootstock and scion development.

Association mapping of germinability and seedling vigor in sorghum under controlled low-temperature conditions.

Sorghum is one of the world's most important food, feed, and fiber crops as well as a potential feedstock for lignocellulosic bioenergy. Early-season planting extends sorghum's growing season and increases yield in temperate regions. However, sorghum's sensitivity to low soil temperatures adversely impacts seed germination.