Hypoglycemic agents and bone health; an umbrella systematic review of the clinical trials' meta-analysis studies.

Background: No clear consensus exists regarding the safest anti-diabetic drugs with the least adverse events on bone health. This umbrella systematic review therefore aims to assess the published meta-analysis studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in this field.

Methods: All relevant meta-analysis studies of RCTs assessing the effects of anti-diabetic agents on bone health in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were collected in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Contribution of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and vitamin D to bone health in Iranian elderly women.

Purpose: While only a few postmenopausal women exhibit biochemical signs of hypovitaminosis D, it has been shown that vitamin D insufficiency has detrimental effects on the overall skeleton mineralization, bone turnover rate, and may be a significant risk factor for osteoporosis and fracture. We evaluated the concurrent effect of Vitamin D levels and biochemical markers of bone turnover on bone health of postmenopausal women.

Methods: The present study was conducted within the framework of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program, a population-based prospective cohort study being conducted in Bushehr, a southern province of Iran.

Protocol for preliminary, multicenteric validation of "PoCOsteo device": A point of care tool for proteomic and genomic study of osteoporosis.

One of the goals of the HORIZON 2020 project PoCOsteo was to develop a medical device, which would measure and/or quantify proteomic as well as genomic factors as present in whole blood samples collected through finger prick. After validating the tool in the clinical setting, the next step would be its clinical validation based on the existing guidelines. This article presents the protocol of a validation study to be carried out independently at two different centers (Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology at the Medical University of Graz as a clinic-based cohort, and the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences as a population-based cohort).

Nanomaterials in electrochemical nanobiosensors of miRNAs.

Nanomaterial-based biosensors have received significant attention owing to their unique properties, especially enhanced sensitivity. Recent advancements in biomedical diagnosis have highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. Current diagnostics methods, however, need further improvements with regards to their sensitivity, mainly due to the low concentration levels of miRNAs in the body.

Multifunctional Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Copolymers Containing Dithiolane and Pentafluorophenyl Esters as Effective Reactive Linkers for Gold Surface Coatings.

Surface functionalization with biological macromolecules is an important task for the development of sensor materials, whereby the interaction with other biological materials should be suppressed. In this work, we developed a novel multifunctional poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-dithiolane conjugate as a versatile linker for gold surface immobilization of amine-containing biomolecules, containing poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as antifouling polymer, dithiolane for surface immobilization, and activated esters for protein conjugation. First, a well-defined carboxylic acid containing copoly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) was synthesized by cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline with a methyl ester-containing 2-oxazoline monomer, followed by postpolymerization modifications.

Nano drug-delivery systems for management of AIDS: liposomes, dendrimers, gold and silver nanoparticles.

AIDS causes increasing mortality every year. With advancements in nanomedicine, different nanomaterials (NMs) have been applied to treat AIDS and overcome its limitations. Among different NMs, nanoparticles (NPs) can act as nanocarriers due to their enhanced solubility, sustained release, targeting abilities and facilitation of drug-dose reductions.

Alprazolam Detection Using an Electrochemical Nanobiosensor Based on AuNUs/Fe-Ni@rGO Nanocomposite.

Despite all the psychological advantages of alprazolam, its long list of toxic properties and interactions has caused concern and highlighted the need for a reliable sensing method. In this study, we developed a simple, highly sensitive electrochemical nanobiosensor to determine the desirable dose of alprazolam, averting the undesirable consequences of overdose. Gold nanourchins (AuNUs) and iron-nickel reduced graphene oxide (Fe-Ni@rGO) were immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode, which was treated beforehand.

Regional burden of chronic kidney disease in North Africa and Middle East during 1990-2019; Results from Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

Objectives: Updating burden data of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases is essential for proper provision of healthcare by policymakers. We aimed to estimate the burden of CKD and its attributed burden in North Africa and Middle East region (NAME) during 1990-2019.

Methods: The CKD-related Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates were extracted from Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) website.

Effect of vitamins C and E on cancer survival; a systematic review.

Purpose: Association between vitamins C (VC)/ E (VE) and cancer survival is inconsistent. This systematic review is aimed to summarize trials for effects of VC/VE on cancer survival.

Methods: Relevant English trials were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus databases, and Clinicaltrials.

Microfluidic-Based Oxygen (O) Sensors for On-Chip Monitoring of Cell, Tissue and Organ Metabolism.

Oxygen (O) quantification is essential for assessing cell metabolism, and its consumption in cell culture is an important indicator of cell viability. Recent advances in microfluidics have made O sensing a crucial feature for organ-on-chip (OOC) devices for various biomedical applications. OOC O sensors can be categorized, based on their transducer type, into two main groups, optical and electrochemical.

Association between being metabolically healthy/unhealthy and metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults.

Introduction: The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) varies based on different criteria. We assessed the prevalence of MHO and metabolic unhealthiness based on body mass index (BMI) and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a nation-wide study.

Methods: Data were taken from the STEPs 2016 study, from 18,459 Iranians aged ≥25 years.

Bone Phenotyping Approaches in Human, Mice and Zebrafish - Expert Overview of the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal traits TranslatiOnal NEtwork").

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE ("GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network") Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with the occurrence of low bone density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the association between VDR gene polymorphism and the occurrence of "low bone density (LBD)/osteopenia/osteoporosis" or LBDOO in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients among a clustered population in northwest of Iran. The studied VDR gene polymorphism included (rs7975232), (rs1544410), (rs2228570), (rs4516035) and, (rs731236).

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, patients with T2D were identified within a group of 1266 participants based on self-report of diabetes, history of diabetes medication, and recorded laboratory data.

Targeting dyslipidemia by herbal medicines: A systematic review of meta-analyses.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The worldwide increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia has become a global health concern. Various herbal remedies have been claimed to be effective for the treatment of dyslipidemia in traditional and folkloric medicine of different regions clinical trials have been conducted to investigate their efficacy. The aim of the current systematic review is to critically assess the meta-analyses of controlled trials (CT) evaluated herb medicines for dyslipidemia.