Measuring practice preference variation for quality improvement in neonatal respiratory care.

Objectives: The authors sought to measure and compare practice preference variation in neonatal respiratory care within and between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) using the Neonatology Survey of Interdisciplinary Groups in Healthcare Tool (NSIGHT).

Study Design: Eleven NICUs completed the NSIGHT between 2019 and 2021. Net preference was measured by mean response; agreement was ranked by standard distribution of response values.

Reduced morbidity with early surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants: a retrospective single-centre study.

Introduction: Failure of the patent ductus arteriosus to close is common among extremely low birth weight neonates and has been associated with increased morbidities. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes between early and late surgical ligation in extremely low birth weight patients.

Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of infants who required surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus between January 2017 and August 2022.

A Randomized Trial of an Exclusive Human Milk Diet in Neonates with Single Ventricle Physiology.

Objective: To determine whether weight gain velocity (g/kg/day) 30 days after the initiation of feeds after cardiac surgery and other clinical outcomes improve in infants with single ventricle physiology fed an exclusive human milk diet compared with a mixed human and bovine diet.

Study Design: In this multicenter, randomized, single blinded, controlled trial, term neonates 7 days of age or younger with single ventricle physiology and anticipated cardiac surgical palliation within 30 days of birth were enrolled at 10 US centers. Both groups received human milk if fed preoperatively.

A Pilot Evaluation of the Possible Association of Metronidazole With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates.

Objective: Metronidazole is recommended as a first-line treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. Metronidazole-associated neurotoxicity has been reported, but long-term neurodevelopmental effects in neonates have not been explored. The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship of cumulative metronidazole dose with each Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) composite score in neonates with NEC.

Pilot Study Comparing Modified Finnegan Scoring Versus Adjusted Scoring System for Infants With Iatrogenic Opioid Abstinence Syndrome After Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Objectives: To compare the modified Finnegan Scoring System (modified Finnegan) with an Adjusted Scoring System Criteria (adjusted Finnegan) for infants after cardiothoracic surgery with iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome (IOAS).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational pilot study. This study was conducted in a tertiary care academic hospital.

Association of fentanyl with neurodevelopmental outcomes in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Background: Opioids are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Negative neurodevelopmental effects in the short-term setting have been associated with opioids ; however, long-term studies have been limited.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine if there is a dose relationship between fentanyl and neurodevelopmental outcomes, as measured by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) composite scores for language, cognition, and motor skills.