Respiratory infections regulated blood cells IFN-β-PD-L1 pathway in pediatric asthma.

Background: Respiratory infections, in general, and rhinovirus infection specifically are the main reason for asthma exacerbation in children and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression inhibits T cell responses.

Objective: Could the interferon (IFN) type I expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) improve disease exacerbation in pediatric asthma?

Results: Here we found increased level of PD-L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in total blood cells isolated from preschool children with virus-induced asthma, with lower percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and with high serum levels of the C-reactive-protein.

Conclusions And Clinical Relevance: These data indicate that, in the presence of infection in the airways of preschool children, worse asthma is associated with induced PD-L1 mRNA expression in blood cells.

Corrigendum: IL-33/ST2 immune responses to respiratory bacteria in pediatric asthma.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep43426.

IL-33/ST2 immune responses to respiratory bacteria in pediatric asthma.

Here we investigated the relationship between local bacterial colonization and anti-bacterial immune responses in pre-school asthmatic and control children within the EU-wide study PreDicta. In this cohort of pre-school asthmatic children, nasopharyngeal colonization with Gram-negative bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was found to be associated with the highest interferon beta (IFNβ) and IL-33 levels in the nasal pharyngeal fluids (NPF). IL33R-ST2 was found induced in the blood of asthmatic children with additional Gram + bacteria in the nasopharynx (Gr+/-).