Clinical, histopathological and parasitological follow-up of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum before and after miltefosine treatment and associated therapies.

In Brazil, Visceral Leishmaniases is caused by Leishmania infantum, and domestic dogs are the main reservoirs in its urban transmission cycle. As an alternative to euthanizing dogs, miltefosine has been used to treat canine visceral leishmaniasis since 2016. In this study, we have assessed the efficacy of miltefosine for treating canine visceral leishmaniasis in a new endemic area through follow-up of naturally infected dogs was evaluated.

Discovery of a new eugenol-benznidazole hybrid active against different evolutive stages of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas disease (CD) is a life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and there are only two drugs currently available for pharmacotherapy of this neglected infection (benznidazole and nifurtimox). Their limited efficacy in chronic phase of the disease, problems of toxicity and the growing resistance by the protozoan are directly associated to high rates of drug discontinuation by the patients. In the context of the search for new trypanocidal drug candidates, our group has been working with the chemical manipulation of eugenol to obtain new agents active against T.

Antarctic fungi produce pigment with antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities.

Natural pigments have received special attention from the market and industry as they could overcome the harm to health and the environmental issues caused by synthetic pigments. These pigments are commonly extracted from a wide range of organisms, and when added to products they can alter/add new physical-chemical or biological properties to them. Fungi from extreme environments showed to be a promising source in the search for biomolecules with antimicrobial and antiparasitic potential.

Bioactivity Screening and Chemical Characterization of Biocompound from Endophytic and Isolated from Mangrove Ecosystem.

The discovery of biomolecules has been the subject of extensive research for several years due to their potential to combat harmful pathogens that can lead to environmental contamination and infections in both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile of endophytic fungi, namely and , which were isolated from and . We identified several HPLC-MS compounds, including Ethylidene-3,39-biplumbagin, Pestauvicolactone A, Phenylalanine, 2-Isopropylmalic acid, Fusaproliferin, Sespendole, Ansellone, Calanone derivative, Terpestacin, and others.

Cell-to-flagellum attachment and surface architecture in kinetoplastids.

A key morphological feature of kinetoplastid parasites is the position and length of flagellum attachment to the cell body. This lateral attachment is mediated by the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ), a large complex cytoskeletal structure, which is essential for parasite morphogenesis and pathogenicity. Despite the complexity of the FAZ only two transmembrane proteins, FLA1 and FLA1BP, are known to interact and connect the flagellum to the cell body.

Antimicrobial Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism of Action of Linear Alpha-Helical Peptides Inspired by Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors.

Shrimp antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) form a multifunctional and diverse family of antimicrobial host defense peptides (AMPs) composed of seven members (groups A to G), which differ in terms of their primary structure and biochemical properties. They are amphipathic peptides with two conserved cysteine residues stabilizing a central β-hairpin that is understood to be the core region for their biological activities. In this study, we synthetized three linear (cysteine-free) peptides based on the amino acid sequence of the central β-hairpin of the newly identified shrimp () ALFs from groups E to G.

Differential expression and activity of arginine kinase between the American trypanosomatids Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Trypanosoma rangeli is a non-virulent hemoflagellate parasite infecting humans, wild and domestic mammals in Central and Latin America. The share of genotypic, phenotypic, and biological similarities with the virulent, human-infective T. cruzi and T.

Immunochromatography and laboratory serologies: an evaluation of immunodiagnoses in prenatal care.

Objectives: to describe the use of affinity chromatographies and laboratory serologies in the evaluation of immunodiagnoses during prenatal.

Methods: quantitative study, characterized as a descriptive observational research. Data was collected from the records of 46 pregnant women who were in prenatal follow up in the Primary Health Care in a capital in the South of Brazil.

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019.

Human sewage from Florianopolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil) was analyzed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) from October 2019 until March 2020. Twenty five ml of sewage samples were clarified and viruses concentrated using a glycine buffer method coupled with polyethylene glycol precipitation, and viral RNA extracted using a commercial kit. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-qPCR using oligonucleotides targeting N1, S and two RdRp regions.

Swab pooling: A new method for large-scale RT-qPCR screening of SARS-CoV-2 avoiding sample dilution.

To minimize sample dilution effect on SARS-CoV-2 pool testing, we assessed analytical and diagnostic performance of a new methodology, namely swab pooling. In this method, swabs are pooled at the time of collection, as opposed to pooling of equal volumes from individually collected samples. Paired analysis of pooled and individual samples from 613 patients revealed 94 positive individuals.

Extremophile Microbial Communities and Enzymes for Bioenergetic Application Based on Multi-Omics Tools.

Genomic and proteomic advances in extremophile microorganism studies are increasingly demonstrating their ability to produce a variety of enzymes capable of converting biomass into bioenergy. Such microorganisms are found in environments with nutritional restrictions, anaerobic environments, high salinity, varying pH conditions and extreme natural environments such as hydrothermal vents, soda lakes, and Antarctic sediments. As extremophile microorganisms and their enzymes are found in widely disparate locations, they generate new possibilities and opportunities to explore biotechnological prospecting, including biofuels (biogas, hydrogen and ethanol) with an aim toward using multi-omics tools that shed light on biotechnological breakthroughs.

Messenger RNA levels of the Polo-like kinase gene (PLK) correlate with cytokinesis in the Trypanosoma rangeli cell cycle.

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan parasite that is non-virulent to the mammalian host and is morphologically and genomically related to Trypanosoma cruzi, whose proliferation within the mammalian host is controversially discussed.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the T. rangeli cell cycle in vitro and in vivo by characterizing the timespan of the parasite life cycle and by proposing a molecular marker to assess cytokinesis.

A Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Defense Gene Repertoire of Distinct Lifestyle Trypanosomatid Species.

Kinetoplastids are an ancestral group of protists that contains free-living species and parasites with distinct mechanisms in response to stress. Here, we compared genes involved in antioxidant defense (AD), proposing an evolution model among trypanosomatids. All genes were identified in , suggesting that AD mechanisms have evolved prior to adaptation for parasitic lifestyles.

Trypanosoma rangeli displays a clonal population structure, revealing a subdivision of KP1(-) strains and the ancestry of the Amazonian group.

Assessment of the genetic variability and population structure of Trypanosoma rangeli, a non-pathogenic American trypanosome, was carried out through microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses. Two approaches were used for microsatellite typing: data mining in expressed sequence tag /open reading frame expressed sequence tags libraries and PCR-based Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays from genomic libraries. All microsatellites found were evaluated for their abundance, frequency and usefulness as markers.

The Comparative Genomics and Phylogenomics of Leishmania amazonensis Parasite.

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania species. Leishmania amazonensis is a New World Leishmania species belonging to the Mexicana complex, which is able to cause all types of leishmaniasis infections. The L.

Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli.

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T.

Trypanosoma cruzi Clone Dm28c Draft Genome Sequence.

Trypanosoma cruzi affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical variability of Chagas disease can be due to the genetic variability of this parasite, requiring further genome studies. Here we report the genome sequence of the T.

The genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector.

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A.

Predicting the proteins of Angomonas deanei, Strigomonas culicis and their respective endosymbionts reveals new aspects of the trypanosomatidae family.

Endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. Such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the Trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. In an effort to better understand such symbiotic association, we used DNA pyrosequencing and a reference-guided assembly to generate reads that predicted 16,960 and 12,162 open reading frames (ORFs) in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Angomonas deanei (previously named as Crithidia deanei) and Strigomonas culicis (first known as Blastocrithidia culicis), respectively.

Suppressive subtractive hybridization libraries prepared from the digestive gland of the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to a diesel fuel water-accommodated fraction.

Diesel fuel can cause adverse effects in marine invertebrates by mechanisms that are not clearly understood. The authors used suppressive subtractive hybridization to identify genes up- and downregulated in Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to diesel fuel. Genes putatively involved in protein regulation, innate immune, and stress response, were altered by diesel challenge.

Trypanosoma rangeli expresses a β-galactofuranosyl transferase.

Glycoconjugates play essential roles in cell recognition, infectivity and survival of protozoan parasites within their insect vectors and mammalian hosts. β-galactofuranose is a component of several glycoconjugates in many organisms, including a variety of trypanosomatids, but is absent in mammalian and African trypanosomes. Herein, we describe the presence of a β(1-3) galactofuranosyl transferase (GALFT), an important enzyme of the galactofuranose biosynthetic pathway, in Trypanosoma rangeli.

Effects of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (yerba mate) on herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 replication.

The antiherpes effects of the crude extract obtained from Ilex paraguariensis leaves (yerba mate) and their purified fractions were investigated. The most active fraction was selected and assayed to determine the viral multiplication steps upon which it acted. In order to detect the major components of this fraction, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed.