Congenital Zika Syndrome and Infantile Spasms: Case Series Study.

Recently described, the congenital Zika syndrome caused by the Zika virus has many features of other congenital infections. This case series study reports 22 infants with congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil who developed infantile spasms during their first year of life. The median age of infantile spasms onset was 4.

Rhinovirus-C detection in children presenting with acute respiratory infection to hospital in Brazil.

Human rhinovirus (RV) is a common cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children. We aimed to characterize the clinical and demographic features associated with different RV species detected in children attending hospital with ARI, from low-income families in North-east Brazil. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 630 children <5 years with ARI.

Acute asthma management in children: knowledge of the topic among health professionals at teaching hospitals in the city of Recife, Brazil.

Objective: Knowledge of acute asthma management in children is a subject that has rarely been explored. The objective of this study was to assess the level of such knowledge among health professionals in the city of Recife, Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 27 pediatricians and 7 nurses, all with at least two years of professional experience, at two large pediatric teaching hospitals in Recife.

Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. This study aimed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial causes of different severities and clinical manifestations of ARI in preschool children from low-income families in North-East Brazil.

Methods: Clinical/demographic data and nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were prospectively collected from children <5 years presenting with ARI over one year to a paediatric A&E department.

Agreement on radiological diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children.

Chest radiographs are often used to support the decision to use antibiotics in children aged <5 years with moderate to severe lower acute respiratory infection (ARI). This study aimed to evaluate inter-observer agreement in the interpretation of chest radiographs of children with suspected lower ARI. Three experienced paediatric sub-specialists: a radiologist, an intensivist and a pulmonologist were provided with basic clinical information on each of 48 cases, but the individual standardized evaluations were blinded for clinical diagnoses and for the assessment by the other two specialists.

Low income as a protective factor against asthma in children and adolescents treated via the Brazilian Unified Health System.

Objective: To analyze the role that low income plays in the development of asthma in children and adolescents.

Methods: A case-control study using a questionnaire.

Results: A total of 687 participants were studied at a tertiary hospital via the Brazilian Unified Health System.

[Asthma in schoolchildren from Recife, Brazil. Prevalence comparison: 1994-95 and 2002].

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of asthma and asthma variants in schoolchildren from Recife in 2002, and to compare these data with data from 1994-95; to analyze the relationship between maternal schooling and the presence of asthma or worsening asthma; and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the yearly prevalence of wheezing as an asthma indicator.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. A probabilistic sample of 3,086 and 2,774 13- and 14-year-old students answered a written questionnaire in 1994-95 and 2002, as part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.