Rural Older Adults in Disasters: A Study of Recovery From Hurricane Michael.

Objective: This study aims for a greater understanding of how older adults (age 65 and older) in Jackson County, Florida, are prepared for and cope with the effects of a natural disaster.

Methods: A multidisciplinary, international research team developed a survey examining: (1) resources available to individuals aged 65+ in rural communities for preparing for a disaster; (2) challenges they face when experiencing a disaster; and (3) their physical, social, emotional, and financial needs when it strikes. The survey was administered with older adults (65+) in Jackson County, Florida, following Hurricane Michael in 2018.

Changing Student Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Learning and Collaboration: Evidence for the Effectiveness of Partnering with Healthcare Mentors in the Academic Setting.

Purpose: Individuals living with chronic health conditions serving as healthcare mentors (HCM) allow the creation of high impact, authentic learning experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a 6-hour curricular experience involving HCM in changing student attitudes toward interprofessional learning (IPL) and collaboration (IPC).

Methods: Thirty-eight students from clinical psychology, nursing, physical therapy, and social work programs participated in either the learning intervention (n=19) or the control group (n=19).

Viable pregnancies beyond 28 weeks gestation in women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage have reduced platelet function.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize platelet function in pregnant patients with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) in the third trimester of a subsequent viable pregnancy, a time at which platelet dysfunction may be associated with an increased obstetric risk.

Study Design: A prospective study was performed comparing 30 viable pregnancies that had reached at least 28 weeks' gestation amongst patients who had a background history of unexplained RM, with 30 healthy pregnant controls at a similar gestational age. Platelet function was determined by means of platelet aggregation in response to 5 different agonists at multiple concentrations.

Short Communication: Limited Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Maraviroc in Mucosal Tissues.

The potential of maraviroc (MVC), a small-molecule CCR5 antagonist, as a candidate to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission by oral or topical dosing has not yet been completely established. Using relevant cellular and mucosal tissue explant models, we show partial antiviral activity of MVC when tested in multiple preclinical dosing strategies.

Platelet function in patients with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage who subsequently miscarry again.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate platelet aggregation in pregnant women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) and to compare platelet function in such patients who go on to have either another subsequent miscarriage or a successful pregnancy.

Study Design: A prospective longitudinal study was performed to evaluate platelet function in a cohort of patients with a history of unexplained RM. Platelet reactivity testing was performed at 4-7 weeks gestation, to compare platelet aggregation between those with a subsequent miscarriage and those who had successful live birth outcomes.

Early mobility activities during continuous renal replacement therapy.

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a therapeutic technique used to support critically ill patients with acute renal failure in intensive care units. CRRT is preferred over hemodialysis for patients who cannot tolerate the rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts associated with hemodialysis because of their tenuous hemodynamic state. Traditionally, such patients have not been candidates for mobilization and have remained on strict bed rest.

Perinatal outcomes of women with a prior history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

Objective: We sought to determine subsequent pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) who were not receiving medical treatment.

Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study, of women with a history of three unexplained consecutive first trimester losses, who were recruited and followed in their subsequent pregnancy. Control patients were healthy pregnant patients with no previous adverse perinatal outcome.

Antiviral breadth and combination potential of peptide triazole HIV-1 entry inhibitors.

The first stage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection involves the fusion of viral and host cellular membranes mediated by viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. Inhibitors that specifically target gp120 are gaining increased attention as therapeutics or preventatives to prevent the spread of HIV-1. One promising new group of inhibitors is the peptide triazoles, which bind to gp120 and simultaneously block its interaction with both CD4 and the coreceptor.

Aphasia advocacy and community education: speaking out! And beyond.

Speaking Out!, a unique co-sponsored national conference, was one of National Aphasia Association's (NAA) best-known efforts. Recognizing the need to serve a wider aphasia community, NAA partnered with the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC) Stroke Research and Training Center grant funded by the National Institute on Disability Research and Rehabilitation (NIDRR) to conduct regional conferences modeled on the Speaking Out! proven framework. In June 2010, the first regional Speaking Out! conference was held in Washington, DC.

Multisite comparison of anti-human immunodeficiency virus microbicide activity in explant assays using a novel endpoint analysis.

Microbicide candidates with promising in vitro activity are often advanced for evaluations using human primary tissue explants relevant to the in vivo mucosal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), such as tonsil, cervical, or rectal tissue. To compare virus growth or the anti-HIV-1 efficacies of candidate microbicides in tissue explants, a novel soft-endpoint method was evaluated to provide a single, objective measurement of virus growth. The applicability of the soft endpoint is shown across several different ex vivo tissue types, with the method performed in different laboratories, and for a candidate microbicide (PRO 2000).

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid inhibitors impede trans infection in cellular and explant models and protect nonhuman primates from infection.

Here, we report that the S-acyl-2-mercaptobenzamide thioester (SAMT) class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) inhibitors was able to prevent transmission of HIV-1 from infected cells, including primary cells. Furthermore, when SAMTs were introduced during an HIV-1 challenge of cervical explant tissue, inhibition of dissemination of infectious virus by cells emigrating from the tissue explants was observed. Preliminary studies using a rhesus macaque vaginal challenge model with mixed R5 and X4 simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection found that five of six monkeys were completely protected, with the remaining animal being partially protected, infected only by the R5 virus.

Cyanovirin-N potently inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in cellular and cervical explant models.

In the absence of a protective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is an urgent need for the development of effective topical microbicides to prevent HIV infection. Candidate vaginal microbicides should provide protection against circulating strains, be cheap, stable on storage, safe and easy to use. Here we describe a detailed study of the safety and efficacy of Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) in vitro, and in an ex vivo model of female genital tissue explants.

PRO-2000, an antimicrobial gel for the potential prevention of HIV infection.

Indevus Pharmaceuticals Inc, under license from Paligent Inc, is developing PRO-2000, an antimicrobial gel for the prevention of HIV infection. The company is also investigating its potential to prevent the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. In February 2005, Indevus launched a pivotal phase III trial for the prevention of HIV infection in women.

Preclinical evaluation of lime juice as a topical microbicide candidate.

Background: The continued growth of the global HIV epidemic highlights the urgent need to develop novel prevention strategies to reduce HIV transmission. The development of topical microbicides is likely to take a number of years before such a product would be widely available. This has resulted in a call for the rapid introduction of simpler vaginal intervention strategies in the interim period.

Candidate polyanion microbicides inhibit HIV-1 infection and dissemination pathways in human cervical explants.

Background: Heterosexual intercourse remains the major route of HIV-1 transmission worldwide, with almost 5 million new infections occurring each year. Women increasingly bear a disproportionate burden of the pandemic, thus there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to reduce HIV-1 transmission that could be controlled by women themselves. The potential of topical microbicides to reduce HIV transmission across mucosal surfaces has been clearly identified, and some agents are currently under evaluation in clinical trials.

Ex vivo culture of human colorectal tissue for the evaluation of candidate microbicides.

Objectives: Establishment of an in vitro model to evaluate rectal safety and the efficacy of microbicide candidates.

Design: An investigation and characterization of human colorectal explant culture for screening candidate microbicides to prevent rectal transmission of HIV-1 infection.

Methods: Human colorectal explants were cultured at the liquid-air interface on gelfoam rafts.

Interleukin-8 levels in seminal plasma in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and nonspecific urethritis.

Objective: To investigate whether a range of cytokines were detectable in the seminal plasma and urine of men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and nonspecific urethritis (NSU), and whether cytokine levels correlated with symptom severity in CP/CPPS.

Patients And Methods: In all, 87 men participated, 33 with CP/CPPS, 31 with NSU, and 23 controls. Interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured in seminal plasma and first pass urine, and the results were correlated with scores for pain, urinary symptoms and quality-of-life impact using a validated symptom index, the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI).

In vitro preclinical testing of nonoxynol-9 as potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus microbicide: a retrospective analysis of results from five laboratories.

The first product to be clinically evaluated as a microbicide contained the nonionic surfactant nonoxynol-9 (nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol; N-9). Many laboratories have used N-9 as a control compound for microbicide assays. However, no published comparisons of the results among laboratories or attempts to establish standardized protocols for preclinical testing of microbicides have been performed.

The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC-781 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human cervical tissue and dissemination by migratory cells.

Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus remains the major route of transmission worldwide; thus, there is an urgent need for additional prevention strategies, particularly those that could be controlled by women. Using cellular and tissue explant models, we have evaluated the potential activity of thiocarboxanilide nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor UC-781 as a vaginal microbicide. We were able to demonstrate a potent dose-dependent effect against R5 and X4 infections of T cells.

The life of Andrew Boorde, c1490-1549.

Physician, traveller, writer and spy, Andrew Boorde was born c1490 and became a Carthusian monk after abandoning his medical studies at Oxford. Temperamentally unsuited to the life of a religious, after 20 years at the London Charterhouse he obtained a dispensation to travel to Europe to continue his medical studies. Returning to England he began to practise medicine, treating members of the nobility and, through a meeting with Thomas Cromwell which was to influence the rest of his life, he attended the King, Henry VIII.