Geographical distribution of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex: a systematic review.

The taxonomy of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex continues to evolve, and has been divided into five pathogenic species. The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the geographical distribution of the C gattii species complex and the species within the C gattii species complex. We searched PubMed for articles related to human, animal, ecological, or laboratory-based studies of C gattii species complex isolates with traceable geographical origin published from January, 1970, until September, 2021.

Cutaneous disseminated sporotrichosis in immunocompetent patient: Case report and literature review.

Sporotrichosis is a global occurring implantation (subcutaneous) mycosis, caused by species, usually affecting the skin and the lymphatic vessels, from where it can disseminate. Nowadays, the vast majority of sporotrichosis infections in Brazil are caused by zoonotic transmission of which is the main etiologic agent. We report a cutaneous disseminated case of this disease, observed in an immunocompetent farmer living in southern Brazil, the -infection was successfully treated with itraconazole.

Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for the Delivery of Biologically Active Fungal Molecules.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer required for the export of fungal proteins, lipids, toxins, nucleic acids, pigments, and polysaccharides. Proteomic studies of the content of fungal EVs revealed the presence of molecules involved in cell metabolism, signal transduction, and virulence, among others. EVs are evolutionarily conserved in all three domains of life and play important roles in cell-cell communication.

Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Clinical Species From Brazil.

is widely distributed in the environment and is involved with plant and animal diseases. In humans, several species and species complexes (SC) are related to fusariosis, i.e.

Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility testing of Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto from southern Brazil.

Purpose: Cryptococcosis is acquired from the environment by the inhalation of Cryptococcus cells and may establish from an asymptomatic latent infection into pneumonia or meningoencephalitis. The genetic diversity of a Cryptococcus neoformans species complex has been investigated by several molecular tools, such as multi-locus sequence typing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite analysis. This study aimed to investigate the genotype distributions and antifungal susceptibility profiles of C.

Breakthrough candidemia after the introduction of broad spectrum antifungal agents: A 5-year retrospective study.

Candidemia is the main invasive fungal disease among hospitalized patients. Several breakthrough candidemia (BrC) cases have been reported, but few studies evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, molecular characterization, antifungal susceptibility profile and outcome of those patients, especially in developing countries and including patients using broad spectrum antifungals. We conducted a retrospective study from 2011 to 2016, including patients aged 12 years or older with candidemia.

Ecoepidemiology of Cryptococcus gattii in Developing Countries.

Cryptococcosis is a systemic infection caused by species of the encapsulated yeast . The disease may occur in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts and is acquired by the inhalation of infectious propagules present in the environment. is distributed in a plethora of ecological niches, such as soil, pigeon droppings, and tree hollows, and each year new reservoirs are discovered, which helps researchers to better understand the epidemiology of the disease.

Differential Cytokine Induction by the Species of Cryptococcus gattii Complex.

Cryptococcal species vary in capsule and cell size, thermotolerance, geographic distribution, and affected populations. and affect mainly immunocompetent hosts; however, , , and cause infections mainly in immunocompromised hosts. This study aimed to compare the capacities of different species of the species complex to induce cytokines and antimicrobial molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Importance of Resolving Fungal Nomenclature: the Case of Multiple Pathogenic Species in the Genus.

Cryptococcosis is a major fungal disease caused by members of the and species complexes. After more than 15 years of molecular genetic and phenotypic studies and much debate, a proposal for a taxonomic revision was made. The two varieties within were raised to species level, and the same was done for five genotypes within .

In vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of Cryptococcus species isolated from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis patients in Zimbabwe.

Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected subjects worldwide. Treatment of cryptococcosis is based on amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole. In Zimbabwe, little is known about antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus.

Susceptibility and molecular characterization of Candida species from patients with vulvovaginitis.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects women of reproductive age, which represents approximately 15-25% of vaginitis cases. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize yeast from the patients irrespective of the presentation of clinical symptoms. The isolates were subjected to in vitro susceptibility profile and characterization by molecular markers, which intended to assess the distribution of species.

In vitro susceptibility and molecular characterization of Candida spp. from candidemic patients.

Background: Candida species are the main cause of hospital acquired fungal bloodstream infections. The main risk factors for candidemia include parenteral nutrition, long-term intensive care, neutropenia, diabetes, abdominal surgery and the use of central venous catheters. The antifungal drugs used to treat candidemia are mainly the echinocandins, however some isolates may be resistant to these drugs.

Onychomycosis by Fusarium oxysporum probably acquired in utero.

Fusarium oxysporum has been described as a pathogen causing onychomycosis, its incidence has been increasing in immunocompetent and disseminated infection can occur in immunosuppressed individuals. We describe the first case of congenital onychomycosis in a child caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The infection being acquired in utero was proven by molecular methods with the identification of the fungus both in the nail and placenta, most probably as an ascending contamination/infection in a HIV-positive, immunosuppressed mother.